A Structural Gel Composite Enabled Robust Underwater Mechanosensing Strategy with High Sensitivity

Wang, Zibi; Zhou, Honghao; Liu, Dong; Chen, Xue; Wang, Ding; Dai, Sheng; Chen, Fei; Xu, Ben Bin

doi:10.1002/adfm.202201396

Cited by 101 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…To intuitively compare the GF values with those samples reported in the literature, the conventional method is piecewise fitting the ΔR/R 0 -ε curve. 37 A nonlinear segmental trend of ΔR/R 0 is summarized as three linear segments per strain range: a GF of 0.9 for 0%-200%, a GF of 1.6 for 200%-500%, and a GF of 2.6 for the strain range of 500%-1000%, which are comparable to the reported hydrogel sensors (1.053-1.51). 38 The ΔR/ R 0 values increase gradually with increasing the strain from 0.5 to 600% (Figure 6B,C), which suggests its high sensitivity and reliability for sensing at both tiny and large strains.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The changes in resistance enhance sharply as mechanical strain increases (Figure 6A). To intuitively compare the GF values with those samples reported in the literature, the conventional method is piecewise fitting the ΔR/R 0 ‐ε curve 37 . A nonlinear segmental trend of ΔR/R 0 is summarized as three linear segments per strain range: a GF of 0.9 for 0%–200%, a GF of 1.6 for 200%–500%, and a GF of 2.6 for the strain range of 500%–1000%, which are comparable to the reported hydrogel sensors (1.053–1.51) 38 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra‐stretchable, self‐healable, and reprocessable ionic conductive hydrogels enabled by dual dynamic networks

Song

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2022

Journal of Polymer Science

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The pursuit of stretchable ionic conductive hydrogels for skin-inspired sensors is highly attractive but challenging due to the difficulty in fabricating an ionic conductive hydrogel with combined characteristics of high stretchability, notch insensitivity, self-healability, and unique reprocessability. Herein, a dualdynamic-network ionic conductive hydrogel (DICH) with both hydrophobic association network and metal coordination network is one-pot synthesized.Benefiting from the formation of the highly dynamic double networks, the resultant DICH exhibited large stretchability (>2800%) and excellent fracture toughness (4820 kJ m À3 ). The DICH also demonstrated autonomous healability, notch insensitivity, and unique remoldability because of the formation of the active reversible interactions including hydrophobic association and metal coordination. Due to the integration of high stretchability and favorable ionic conductivity of the DICH containing substantial amounts of electrolytic ions, stretchable ionic strain sensors could be assembled, displaying high sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.6), fast response time (180 ms), and wide response range (0.5%-600% strain). The ionic sensors could also maintain excellent strainsensing abilities even after being cut/self-healed or reprocessed. Wearable DICH resistive-type strain sensors could be assembled, demonstrating high performance in detecting and distinguishing both large and subtle motions of a human body.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐stretchable, self‐healable, and reprocessable ionic conductive hydrogels enabled by dual dynamic networks

Song

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2022

Journal of Polymer Science

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“…Ren et al have obtained a conductive hydrogel with excellent anti-swelling property by forming a double network that demonstrates electrostatic repulsion to water molecules . Wang et al prepared a hydrogel with a steady underwater sensing property by covering a hydrogel/MXene core with a Lipogel layer . Although the anti-swelling hydrogels reported in the literature were ingeniously designed, most of them were tedious to prepare and/or lack recyclability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Wang et al prepared a hydrogel with a steady underwater sensing property by covering a hydrogel/MXene core with a Lipogel layer. 23 Although the antiswelling hydrogels reported in the literature were ingeniously designed, most of them were tedious to prepare and/or lack recyclability. What's more, due to the fragility and nonrecyclability of the covalently cross-linked gels, their practical application may be limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough, Anti-Swelling Supramolecular Hydrogels Mediated by Surfactant–Polymer Interactions for Underwater Sensors

Dong

Huang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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It is a great challenge for traditional hydrogel-based sensors to be effective underwater due to unsatisfactory water resistance and insufficient wet adhesion. Herein, a tough supramolecular hydrogel aiming at underwater sensing is prepared by the modification of hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with a small amount of hydrophobic lauryl methacrylate (LMA) in the presence of high concentrations of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Owing to the synergistic effects of the electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic associations of CTAB with the P(AA-co-LMA) copolymer, the hydrogel with a water content of approximately 58.5 wt % demonstrates outstanding anti-swelling feature, superior tensile strength (≈1.6 MPa), large stretchability (>900%), rapid room-temperature self-recovery (≈3 min at 100% strain), and robust wet adhesion to diverse substrates. Moreover, the strain sensor based on the hydrogel displays keen sensitivity in a sensing range of 0–900% (gauge factor is 0.42, 3.44, 5.44, and 7.39 in the strain range of 0–100, 100–300, 300–500, and 500–900%, respectively) and pronounced stability both in air and underwater. Additionally, the hydrogel can be easily recycled by dissolving in anhydrous ethanol. This work provides a facile strategy to fabricate eco-friendly, tough supramolecular hydrogels for underwater sensing.

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“…Furthermore, we compared the sensitivities of wrist pulse monitoring of the HBT sensor with several recently reported MXene pressure sensors (Table S4). It can be seen that the HBT sensor delivers a sensitivity of Δ I / I 0 ≈ 7%, which exceeds that of most of the reported flexible MXene-based pressure sensors. ,,− Additionally, the pressure sensor was employed to monitor the continuous body motions. As shown in Figure S16, when the sensor was installed onto a human finger, it could distinctly monitor finger bending, and the current response could further increase while continuously increasing the bending angles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Water-Tolerant MXene Epidermal Sensors with High Sensitivity and Reliability for Healthcare Monitoring

Yang

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Flexible and wearable pressure sensors have gained great popularity in consumer electronics due to their potential applications in human healthcare, E-skin, and artificial intelligence interactions. MXene is regarded as one of the most ideal candidate sensing materials due to its high electrical conductivity and controllable interlayer space. However, the easy-to-oxidize characteristic of MXene materials greatly restricts the sensitivity and reliability of sensor devices, especially in wet climates. Herein, a highly sensitive and waterproof flexible pressure sensor using a free-standing hydrophobic bacterial cellulose/Ti3C2T x MXene (HBT) hybrid film as a sensing layer is fabricated by facile and effective nanocellulose intercalation and fluorine modification strategies. The obtained pressure sensor delivers high sensitivity (65.5 kPa–1), fast response (50 ms), wide linear sensing range (0.002–30 kPa) with a low detection limit of 0.57 Pa, and excellent repeatability over 50,000 cycles. Meanwhile, owing to the highly hydrophobic surface of the HTB film, the outstanding sensing features could be well retained, although immersed in water several times. Benefiting from the excellent sensing properties and water resistance, the HBT sensor serves as a wearable force sensor to monitor the full-range human physiological motions regardless of whether the conditions are normal or wet. This work provides a new pathway to design the MXene pressure sensor with high reliability and demonstrates the promising usage of HBT sensors in portable biomedical electronics.

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A Structural Gel Composite Enabled Robust Underwater Mechanosensing Strategy with High Sensitivity

Cited by 101 publications

References 47 publications

Ultra‐stretchable, self‐healable, and reprocessable ionic conductive hydrogels enabled by dual dynamic networks

Ultra‐stretchable, self‐healable, and reprocessable ionic conductive hydrogels enabled by dual dynamic networks

Tough, Anti-Swelling Supramolecular Hydrogels Mediated by Surfactant–Polymer Interactions for Underwater Sensors

Water-Tolerant MXene Epidermal Sensors with High Sensitivity and Reliability for Healthcare Monitoring

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