A Study about Colourants in the Arabic Manuscript Collection of the Sacromonte Abbey, Granada, Spain. A New Methodology for Chemical Analysis

Arias, Teresa Espejo; López-Montes, Ana; Bueno, Ana García; Durán, A.; Cremades, Raúl

doi:10.1515/rest.2008.005

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, in only three publications organic colourants were unequivocally identified in Islamic manuscripts; indigo was detected by Raman microscopy and HPLC-DAD by Lucia Burgio (and co-workers) [17] and Teresa Espejo Arias (and co-workers) [18], respectively; carminic acid was characterised by SERS, by A. El Bakkali and co-workers [19].…”

Section: State Of Art On the Characterization Of Organic Red Colorants In Islamic Manuscriptsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Organic red colorants in Islamic manuscripts (12th-15th c.) produced in al-Andalus, part 1

et al. 2019

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The conservation of Islamic manuscripts in the Fondo Ka'ti created the opportunity to study the organic red colourants applied in five manuscripts, which include a Koran (1198), a theology treatise (14 th c.), a book of poems from Al-Sarishi (15 th c.), a biography of the Prophet (1468) and manuscript 19 (1485). These dark red colours were characterized using fibre optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS-VIS), microspectrofluorimetry and infrared spectroscopy (microFTIR). Microspectrofluorimetry detected the presence of a lac dye chromophore in all the manuscripts studied and ascribed it to specific medieval recipes for three of the manuscripts. This was based on the very good matches obtained with our database of paint reconstructions that were prepared according to medieval technical sources; the dark reds found in the Koran compared very well with the recipe 'to make red ruby from lukk' from Ibn Bādīs text (11 th c.); the brighter reds applied in the book of poems and in the biography of the Prophet, with recipe 113 from the Paduan manuscript (16 th c.). MicroFTIR completed the characterization of the paint formulation, identifying the proteinaceous nature of the binding media as well as the fillers. It also showed the presence of oxalate compounds, possibly, resulting from the binding media degradation, a mark of the recent and dramatic history of these books. Finally, these red dyes were successfully compared to lac dye colours previously characterized in 12 th -13 th c. Portuguese manuscript illuminations. From Mali to Iberia, tracing the rich diversity of a precious heritage legated by medieval Arabic culture.

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Section: State Of Art On the Characterization Of Organic Red Colorants In Islamic Manuscriptsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Organic red colorants in Islamic manuscripts (12th-15th c.) produced in al-Andalus, part 1

et al. 2019

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“…Chemical analysis of the small particles in sample 9 revealed the presence of Hg and S, possibly attributable to vermillion (Figure 7e) according to literature (22).…”

Section: Other Samplesmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…El análisis químico puntual de las pequeñas partículas de la muestra número 9 indica la presencia de Hg y S, posiblemente debido a la presencia de bermellón (Figura 7e) de acuerdo con la literatura (22).…”

Section: Otras Muestrasunclassified

Estudio técnico de la decoración del techo perteneciente a la Sala Capitular del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla

Durán¹,

Robador²,

Haro³

et al. 2010

Mater. construcc.

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RESUMENEl objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de diferentes aspectos, como el color, la composición química y las fases mineralógicas presentes en los diferentes materiales que forman la ornamentación del techo de la Sala Capitular del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, mediante métodos físicos y quí-micos. Nuestros resultados muestran que el dorado fue realizado sobre una capa de bol previamente depositada sobre una lámina de blanco de plomo que cubría un estrato de calcita. Posteriormente, y probablemente debido a alteraciones en el dorado original, el techo fue de nuevo dorado usando una técnica similar. En el siglo XIX, casi todo el techo, excepto las zonas con inscripciones, fue blanqueado usando una mezcla de calcita y blanco de plomo. Se empleó plata para cubrir la espada del rey Juan I (casetón 27). Finísimas láminas de oro se usaron para decorar los atributos reales: coronas, cinturones, cetros, espadas y rosarios. En diferentes partes de la decoración fueron detectados pigmentos como azurita, malaquita, bermellón y negro de humo. La composición del mortero de la estructura era a base de cal y dolomita molida.Palabras clave: dorado, pigmentos, piedra, mortero, color. SUMMARYThe present article describes a chemical and physical study of the colour, chemical composition and mineral phases of the decorative materials in the Seville City Hall Chapter House ceiling. The findings showed that the inner most layer of material, calcite, was covered with white lead, in turn concealed under a layer of gilded bole. The ceiling underwent re-gilding, also over bole, due in all likelihood to wear on the original gold leaf. In the nineteenth century, the entire ceiling with the exception of the inscriptions was whitewashed with calcite and white lead. Silver was employed on King John I's sword (coffer 27). Gold leaf was used to adorn the royal attributes: crowns, belts, sceptres, swords and rosary beads. The high reliefs were likewise gilded. The pigments identified on the ceiling adornments included azurite, malachite, vermilion and gas black. A lime and ground dolomite mortar was used throughout.

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“…Commonly present in works of art dating back as far as antiquity, this copper-based pigment has been identified in various states of degradation in leather and parchment, 12,13 fabric, 14 waxy paint, 15 (oil and canvas) paintings, 7,9,16–18 and paper. 8,19–22…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every artifact containing verdigris can be affected by its established reactivity; its deleterious effects are particularly concerning with more fragile materials, such as those on paper, e.g., illuminated manuscripts and maps. 12,19,21–23,28–31 Although many seem in good condition, it has been demonstrated that soluble copper ions, present in inks and watercolors with pigments such as verdigris, are particularly active towards the so-called “corrosion” of paper. 32 That is, copper ions induce hydrolysis, oxidation, and radical-driven reactions that contribute to the subsequent degradation of cellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Analytical Study of Copper-Based Historic Pigments and their Alteration Products

et al. 2019

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Copper-containing materials such as verdigris are commonly found in historic and artistic works of art, often at advanced states of decay. Applied on paper as inks and watercolors, many of which needed a binder such as gum arabic, the intrinsic instability of this pigment was known since the medieval period. The decay of verdigris (a mixture of copper acetates) as a pigment, as watercolor, and as a dye, was studied using a combination of vibrational (Fourier transform infrared) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrumental techniques. Changes in the copper oxidative states and the formation of copper oxide were monitored during accelerated degradation as powdered solids and applied on mockup samples (with and without binder). Accelerated aging of both commercially available and synthesized verdigris pigments showed the presence of an intermediate species, Cu(CH3COO)2•3Cu(OH)2•2H2O, which points to the beginning of the decay processes, that culminates in the formation of Cu(II) oxide. However, the presence of gum arabic seems to delay deterioration, by temporarily reducing Cu(II) to Cu(I), even when the final product includes Cu(II). This novel application of XPS and supporting techniques has significant implications in art conservation, as the identified behavior helps explain the better preservation state of some works of art.

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A Study about Colourants in the Arabic Manuscript Collection of the Sacromonte Abbey, Granada, Spain. A New Methodology for Chemical Analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Organic red colorants in Islamic manuscripts (12th-15th c.) produced in al-Andalus, part 1

Organic red colorants in Islamic manuscripts (12th-15th c.) produced in al-Andalus, part 1

Estudio técnico de la decoración del techo perteneciente a la Sala Capitular del Ayuntamiento de Sevilla

Multi-Analytical Study of Copper-Based Historic Pigments and their Alteration Products

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