A Study Bakelite Plastics Waste from Industrial Process in Concrete Products as Aggregate

Tuprakay, Seree; Usahanunth, Nopagon; Tuprakay, Sirawan Ruangchuay

doi:10.18178/ijscer.6.4.263-267

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Two types of microplastics were deployed in the experiment, namely: Bakelite (chemically identified as polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride) 55 particles and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nurdles, with mean particles sizes of 500 µm and 5 mm, respectively (Fig. 10).…”

Section: Experiments Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of saltmarsh systems in estuarine trapping of microplastics

Ogbuagu

Kassem

Udiba

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Saltmarshes are important natural ecosystems along many temperate (and other) coastlines. They stabilize sediments and act as biofilters for a range of industrial pollutants and, potentially, microplastics. Accumulation of microplastics along estuarine coastlines may be enhanced by the presence of saltmarsh species, as they offer better particle trapping efficiency than adjacent intertidal mudflats under prevailing flood and ebb tidal currents. However, the trapping efficiency of entire saltmarsh systems under varying flow conditions has not been widely assessed. While the effects of saltmarsh systems on water flow, and on sediment transport and trapping, have been relatively well studied, little is known about the contributions of saltmarsh halophytes, resident organisms and the associated saltmarsh sediments to the trapping of microplastics. To address this, a series of flume experiments were undertaken to examine transport and accumulation of Bakelite particles (~ 500 µm) and PVC nurdles (~ 5 mm) as model plastics in sub-sampled saltmarsh and intertidal mudflat monoliths. The results showed that saltmarsh systems influenced the hydrodynamics within and above the canopy, enhancing turbulence and shear stresses. With increasing flow velocities (≤ 0.51 m s −1 ), negligible quantities (2 × 10 −4 mg L −1 ) of sediments and Bakelite particles were eroded and resuspended. The algal biogenic roughness from the mudflat, and the vegetative roughness from the Spartina plants on the saltmarsh, inhibited the transportation of the microplastics within the tested systems. Resident burrowing crabs (Carcinus maenas) promoted the burial, release and transport of microplastics. The results of this study provide evidence of the contributory roles of saltmarsh systems in the sequestration of microplastics and sediment stabilization. Estuarine saltmarsh systems can act as sinks for microplastics with enhanced burial from burrowing crabs under favourable flow conditions. Vegetated intertidal habitats provide diverse support to natural, coastal and estuarine systems and valuable ecosystem services including protection against coastal hazards, regulation of contaminants and pathogens, and provision of habitats for macrobenthos such as bivalves, fishes, gastropods, crustaceans, and other invertebrates [1][2][3][4] . The positive contribution of coastal vegetated habitats to shoreline protection 5 is partly attributed to the combined inputs of the flora and fauna which occupy these habitats. The flora provide an enhanced biogeneic roughness which reduces the hydrodynamic shear stress 6-8 thus decreasing the erosion rate and prompting accumulation/ deposition of sediments. Meanwhile, the fauna offer biostabilization of the sediments through the secretion of biopolymers 9 , generation of armoured surfaces and other mechanisms that minimize the risk of erosion 10,11 . Mangroves, saltmarshes, seagrasses and reed beds occupy most estuarine coastlines that provide these biomorphodynamic and bioengineering functions 3,12,13 . Benthic organisms...

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Section: Experiments Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of saltmarsh systems in estuarine trapping of microplastics

Ogbuagu

Kassem

Udiba

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…It is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin. The molding temperature of bakelite is 160°-180°C and it has a density value of approximately 1.4 g/cm 3 [9]. Many authors have conducted research on permanent magnet composites using polymers such as rubber, epoxy resin, nylon, and polyvinyl butiral [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Magnetic Properties of Hard Magnetic Composite Materials NdFeB Made Using Bakelite Polymers

Ramlan¹,

Sardjono²,

Setiabudidaya³

et al. 2019

JMAG

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Composite hard magnet NdFeB materials were made using powdered rapidly quenched Nd-Fe-B (MQP-B) and polymers (bakelite). The proportion of the polymer matrix was varied (2.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10 wt.%). The composite hard magnet NdFeB materials were compacted using one-sided uniaxial hot pressing at 160 °C for 20 min. The bulk density of the composite hard magnet NdFeB was measured using the Archimedes method. Compression tests were carried out using the Universal Testing Machine. The results show that a permanent magnet composite with a 2 wt.% bakelite binder composition exhibits higher bulk density and superior magnetic parameters (i.e., remanence, coercivity, and energy product), but slightly lower compressive strength of approximately 845 kgf/cm 2 .

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2018

Polymer Waste Management

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A Study Bakelite Plastics Waste from Industrial Process in Concrete Products as Aggregate

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Role of saltmarsh systems in estuarine trapping of microplastics

Role of saltmarsh systems in estuarine trapping of microplastics

Analysis of the Physical, Mechanical, and Magnetic Properties of Hard Magnetic Composite Materials NdFeB Made Using Bakelite Polymers

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