“…The tsunami hazards and damages in this area have been investigated numerically by some researchers using some methods to be available for inundation simulation in urban area [5,6,9,23,24], providing useful data for comparing various methods. However, complex and various phenomena in this area-e.g., destruction of houses/buildings and breakwaters [42][43][44][45], and morphological change [44]-are not included in these models nor in the proposed model. Tsunami hazards might be affected by various phenomena, e.g., destruction of breakwaters [23] and houses/buildings [46,47], floating debris [47][48][49] or morphological change due to tsunami-induced sediment transport [50][51][52][53], although understanding of the mechanism and the influence is limited.…”