A Study of Forced Respiration: Experimental Production of Tetany

Grant, Samuel B.; Goldman, Alfred

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1920.52.2.209

Cited by 133 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Clinical alkalosis causes a condition remarkably similar to hypocalcemic (or hypomagnesic) tetany (Grant and Goldman 1920). For some time this was attributed to the lowering of free, ionized Ca 2+ level, because alkaliniza- tion favors the binding of Ca to protein and to bicarbonate.…”

Section: Ph and Brain Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Regulation in the Brain: Implications for Pathophysiology

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ions in the brain are regulated independently from plasma levels by active transport across choroid plexus epithelium and cerebral capillary endothelium, assisted by astrocytes. In "resting" brain tissue, extracellular potassium ([K+]o) is lower and [H]o is higher (i.e., pHo is lower) than elsewhere in the body. This difference probably helps to maintain the stability of cerebral function because both high [K]o and low [H+]o enhance neuron excitability. Decrease in osmolarity enhances synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability whereas increased osmolarity has the opposite effect. Iso-osmotic low Na+ concentration also enhances voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents and synaptic transmission. Hypertonicity is the main cause of diabetic coma. In normally functioning brain tissue, the fluctuations in ion levels are limited, but intense neuronal excitation causes [K+]o to rise and [Na+]o, [Ca2+]o to fall. When excessive excitation, defective inhibition, energy failure, mechanical trauma, or blood-brain barrier defects drive ion levels beyond normal limits, positive feedback can develop as abnormal ion distributions influence neuron function, which in turn aggravates ion maldistribution. Computer simulation confirmed that elevation of [K+]o can lead to such a vicious circle and ignite seizures, spreading depression (SD), or hypoxic SD-like depolarization (anoxic depolarization).

show abstract

Section: Ph and Brain Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Regulation in the Brain: Implications for Pathophysiology

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first observations appear to have been made by Haldane and Poulton (1908), who in experiments involving forced breathing noticed that the subjects of the experiments developed tingling in the hands and feet, and certain other symptoms. It was Grant and Goldman (1920), however, who first completely identified with tetany the condition following forced respiration. Shortly afterwards the occurrence of clinical cases of hyperventilation tetany was reported by Barker and Sprunt (1922) and by Goldman (1922).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Hyperventilation Tetany

Fowweather¹,

Davidson²,

Ellis³

1940

BMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…of sodium bicarbonate is particularly interesting in this regard. Equally pertinent is the recent work of Grant and Goldman (29), who succeeded in producing tetany and other unpleasant symptoms in themselves by prolonged voluntary forced breathing. They were able at the same time to demonstrate a change in the pH of the blood in the alkaline direction, and had the interesting situation Of a low position of the dissociation curve as shown by the alveolar carbon dioxide tension and the carbon dioxide capacity of the plasma, and at the same time a blood more alkaline in reaction than normally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%