Chilling of the body surface has been shown in earlier communications 1, ~ to cause reflex vasoconstriction and ischemia in the mucous membranes of the palate, palatine tonsils, and pharynx. The present study demonstrates a like reflex diminution in the blood supply of the nasal cavity and postnasal space (nasopharynx).In the postnasal space the reaction is closely similar to that previously described for the oropharynx; with chilling of the body surface the temperature of the nasopharyngeal mucosa has fallen typically between 1 ° and 2°C.; on rewrapping the subject, mucosa temperature rises, indicating return toward normal of the blood supply, but, typically, under the conditions of our experiments, recovery is not quite complete even after an interval at least as long as ½ hour after wrapping.In the nasal cavity the reactions are qualitatively similar but quantitatively much more striking; with cutaneous chilling the temperature depression of the nasal mucosa surface has been found in some instances to be more than 6°C. With rewarming, recovery has always been sharp, usually stopping somewhat below control level, but sometimes rising above it in this region notorious for its erratic variations in vasomotor state.

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a study of the literature of this form of variation was undertaken, the results of which are here given.This anomaly was found in a young and apparently normal cat. Upon opening the thoracic cavity, a long slender vein, of uniform diameter, was exposed, which reached from the left innominate vein to the coronary sinus, about 4 mm. distant from its atrial end. This was recognized as a left superior vena cava .The coronary veins were all of normal size and distribution, and their openings into the coronary sinus were normal. But, the coronary sinus ended blindly about 5 mm. short of the point at which it should have opened into the right atrium. At this end of the sinus it received the vena cordis media. No remnant of a connection could be found upon the blind sinus end or the right atrial wall. Upon tracing the anomalous vena cava upward it was found to open into the left innominate vein at the point where this vein joined with the right to form the normal superior vena cava ( fig. 1). In the upper third of its extent the left superior vena cava received the superior intercostal vein, which was composed of two intercostal branches.Upon examining the interior of the right atrium, no trace of an opening of the coronary sinus was seen. However, the wall 45

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