A Study of Groundwater Characteristics by Using of Groundwater Quality Index and Pollution Index in Zubair District, Basra Province, Iraq

Abstract

The present work evaluated the groundwater quality index (GWQI) depending on some physicochemical analyses of thirteen groundwater samples in the Zubair district in Basra Province, Iraq. The collected groundwater samples were subjected to an extensive physicochemical analysis to evaluate the characteristics of water for drinking purpose according to Iraqi standard. For calculating the (GWQI), twelve water quality parameters were considered; turbidity, pH, chloride, total dissolved solids, total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium, sulphate, phosphate, calcium, nitrate, and magnesium. The analysis of the results reveals that all the samples surpassed the portability of drinking water limits. High values of the (GWQI) in the obtained groundwater samples could possibly be caused by the higher values of electrical conductivity, total hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids and sodium within the groundwater. The calculated GWQI values ranged from 73.36 to 595.92. The pollution index (PI) was calculated for the study area with values ranged from 2.97 to 8.26. Correlation coefficients amongst the chosen water parameters exhibited some strong relationships. Finally, the analysis shows that the groundwater in this particular area needs to be treated before its consumption, and in addition, it usually needs to avoid the hazard of contamination. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) indicate that the acquiring-data from groundwater samples are explained 90.5 % of the variance in the data with a four-component system that explains a large portion of the total variance of collected data.

Assessment of Water Quality of Shatt Al-Basrah Canal using Water Pollution Index

“…The values of NO 3 content were found in the range of 5.63-105.79 mg/L, lowest NO3 was observed in January that was within the permissible limit (at ST3) and the highest value was recorded in November (at ST3) that was commonly more than the standards revealing the bad status of the Canal. The high NO 3 concentration recorded in the study location was higher than what was earlier reported by (Dawood et al 2018b)for their study, which includes the area of Shatt Al-Arab River.…”

Applying HEC-RAS Software to Propose a Dam Site Along the Tigris River Between Mosul and Tikrit, Iraq

“…As well as, examining the discharge capacity of the river control system under present conditions to propose a dam construction site at the Fatha within the Tikrit region for future water harvesting to get rid of the future water shortage. The Geological features play a significant role in the determination of water quality in rivers, such as the type of rocks in the river basin plays a key role in controlling the quantity and quality of the dissolved and suspended load in the river [7]. The geological formations crossed by Tigris River and present within the study area between Mosul and the south of the city of Tikrit (Fig.…”