A study of kinematic cues and anticipatory performance in tennis using computational manipulation and computer graphics

Ida, Hirofumi; Fukuhara, Kazunobu; Kusubori, Seiji; Ishii, Motonobu

doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0084-x

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The test serve motions were created on the basis of a real player's performance, but the motion was computationally perturbed at the racket-arm. To create the test CG animation, motion analysis and motion perturbation were performed, followed by the CG rendering [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have introduced techniques for injecting modified local motions into an original gross motion, i.e., perturbation of motion. These have included spatial exaggeration [27], dynamic simulation and noise addition [28], decomposition by principal component analysis [16], [29], and the modulation of joint angular velocity [30], [31]. For instance, three tennis serves (flat, slice, and topspin) were spatially exaggerated and displayed using a polygon CG model, and the serve type was more accurately identified as the level of exaggeration increased [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique perturbs the upper arm motion by computationally modulating the joint rotation speed (joint angular velocity) of the original motion, while the modified motions yields no violation of the anatomical constraint of the joint degree-of-freedom [30]. It has been shown that tennis players are sensitive to the change of the opponent's racket-arm motion simulated by this perturbation technique [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recognition of Tennis Serve Performed by a Digital Player: Comparison among Polygon, Shadow, and Stick-Figure Models

2012

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The objective of this study was to assess the cognitive effect of human character models on the observer's ability to extract relevant information from computer graphics animation of tennis serve motions. Three digital human models (polygon, shadow, and stick-figure) were used to display the computationally simulated serve motions, which were perturbed at the racket-arm by modulating the speed (slower or faster) of one of the joint rotations (wrist, elbow, or shoulder). Twenty-one experienced tennis players and 21 novices made discrimination responses about the modulated joint and also specified the perceived swing speeds on a visual analogue scale. The result showed that the discrimination accuracies of the experienced players were both above and below chance level depending on the modulated joint whereas those of the novices mostly remained at chance or guessing levels. As far as the experienced players were concerned, the polygon model decreased the discrimination accuracy as compared with the stick-figure model. This suggests that the complicated pictorial information may have a distracting effect on the recognition of the observed action. On the other hand, the perceived swing speed of the perturbed motion relative to the control was lower for the stick-figure model than for the polygon model regardless of the skill level. This result suggests that the simplified visual information can bias the perception of the motion speed toward slower. It was also shown that the increasing the joint rotation speed increased the perceived swing speed, although the resulting racket velocity had little correlation with this speed sensation. Collectively, observer's recognition of the motion pattern and perception of the motion speed can be affected by the pictorial information of the human model as well as by the perturbation processing applied to the observed motion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recognition of Tennis Serve Performed by a Digital Player: Comparison among Polygon, Shadow, and Stick-Figure Models

2012

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“…In addition, it has been suggested that motor simulation improves the reading of action kinematics performed by others ( Aglioti et al, 2008 ; Urgesi et al, 2012 ; Mulligan and Hodges, 2014 ; Mulligan et al, 2016a , b ). It is well known that the superior prediction in skilled athletes is associated with better reading of kinematic information inherent in opponents’ actions ( Abernethy and Zawi, 2007 ; Abernethy et al, 2008 ; Huys et al, 2009 ; Ida et al, 2011 ). Indeed, Aglioti et al (2008) reported that expert basketball players could discriminate the outcome of free throws based on the kinematics of the model’s hand movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Imitative Movement During Action Observation Facilitates Accuracy of Outcome Prediction in Less-Skilled Performers

et al. 2018

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Skilled athletes can predict the outcome of actions performed by others, based on the kinematic information inherent in others’ actions, earlier and more accurately than less-skilled athletes. Activation of the motor cortex during action observation indicates motor simulation of other’s actions in one’s own motor system; this contributes to skilled outcome prediction. Thus, the present study investigated whether concurrent movements during action observation that affect motor simulation influence the accuracy of outcome prediction, namely, whether concurrent imitative movement and self-movement enhance and inhibit accuracy, respectively, based on skill level. Twelve male varsity basketball players (skilled group) and twelve male college students with no special training in basketball (less-skilled group) were required to predict the outcome of a basketball free throw by another player based on the action kinematics in the following four conditions: prediction without any action (observation), prediction with right-wrist volar flexion with maximum speed (incongruent-action), prediction with concurrent imitative movement during observation by right-wrist flexion as if imitating the model’s action (imitative-motion), or prediction with concurrent self-movement by right-wrist flexion as if shooting by oneself (self-motion). The results showed that the skilled group had degraded accuracy of outcome prediction in the self-motion condition compared to the observation condition. In contrast, accuracy in the less-skilled group was facilitated in the imitative-motion condition compared to the observation condition. The findings suggest that, at least in less-skilled participants, the appropriate motor simulation that relates to skilled prediction can be virtually induced by concurrent imitative movement during the prediction task, even if they have less experience of free throws. This effect in imitative movement is likely to occur by producing identical motor commands with observed action, thereby enabling the prediction of sensory consequences and outcome accurately via a forward model. We propose that traditional perceptual training with concurrent imitative movement is likely to be an effective way to develop visual- and motor-based hybrid outcome predictions that produce superior inferences in skilled athletes.

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“…The forehand stroke in tennis is a rapid movement; therefore, the use of slow-motion footage should lead to the activation of the AON. Considering that skilled anticipatory judgments are underpinned by the detection of key kinematic cues from an opponent’s movements ( Jones and Miles, 1978 ; Shim et al, 2005 ; Abernethy and Zawi, 2007 ; Jackson and Mogan, 2007 ; Williams et al, 2009 ; Ida et al, 2011a , b ; Fukuhara et al, 2017 ), the prolonged time afforded to detect key kinematic cues from an opponent’s movements would lead to better anticipatory performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Slow-Motion Footage of Forehand Strokes Be Used to Immediately Improve Anticipatory Judgments in Tennis?

et al. 2018

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Slow-motion footage of sports actions is widely used as a visual learning tool in observing the dynamic motor behaviors of athletes. Recent studies on action observation have reported that extending the observation time in slow-motion footage provides benefits of understanding the intention of an opponent’s action, at least when observing rapid movements. As such, the use of slow-motion footage may have the potential to improve the anticipatory judgments of an opponent’s action outcome without training (or feedback). To verify this possibility, we examined the effects of the replay speed of slow-motion footage on the anticipatory judgments of shot directions and recognition of kinematic positions of opponents’ forehand strokes in tennis. Nine skilled and nine novice tennis players were asked to anticipate the direction of their opponent’s shots (left or right) and then attempted to recognize proximal (trunk center) and distal (ball) kinematic positions. Computer graphic animations of forehand strokes were used as visual stimuli, which were presented at four different replay speeds (normal, three-quarter, half, and quarter speeds). We failed to show the immediate effect of the use of slow-motion footage on the anticipatory performance of the skilled and novice players, although the anticipatory performance of the skilled players was superior to that of the novice players. Instead, we found an effect of the use of slow-motion footage in terms of promoting recognition of important kinematic cues (trunk center) for effective anticipation by skilled players. Moreover, no significant correlations were observed between the anticipatory judgments and motion recognition in all experimental conditions. These results suggest that even if the use of slow-motion footage enhances the recognition of key kinematic cues, it may not immediately improve anticipatory judgments in tennis.

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A study of kinematic cues and anticipatory performance in tennis using computational manipulation and computer graphics

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Recognition of Tennis Serve Performed by a Digital Player: Comparison among Polygon, Shadow, and Stick-Figure Models

Recognition of Tennis Serve Performed by a Digital Player: Comparison among Polygon, Shadow, and Stick-Figure Models

Concurrent Imitative Movement During Action Observation Facilitates Accuracy of Outcome Prediction in Less-Skilled Performers

Can Slow-Motion Footage of Forehand Strokes Be Used to Immediately Improve Anticipatory Judgments in Tennis?

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