A Study of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Isoenzyme is a Biochemical Tumour Marker in Cervical Carcinoma Patients

Abstract

To establish Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme is a biochemical tumor marker in cervical carcinoma patients for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of the disease. The Serum and cervical tissue LDH isoenzyme was analyzed qualitatively by Poly Acrylamide Disc Gel Electrophoresis method. The total LDH activity was estimated quantitatively by the method of UV spectrophotometry. 50 untreated cervical carcinoma patients were taken up and compared with age matched healthy females (controls). Out of 50 patients, 5 patients were histologically classified as well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (Grade-I), 23 were moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (Grade-II) and 22 were poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (Grade-III). Grade-I patients did not show any change, in the serum and cervical tissue LDH isoenzyme fractions compared to the controls but variation in electrophoretic mobility have been observed. Grade-II patients showed two new additional isoenzyme fractions in LDH 2 and LDH 3 locations, where as Grade-III patients showed only three LDH isoenzyme fractions. The total LDH activity in both serum and cervix tissue of normal individuals are 0.458±0.0796 units/ml; and 0.680±0.0218 units/mg. Grade-I patients did not show any change in total LDH activity (serum: 0.384±0.0404 units/ml; cervical tissue: 0.589±0.0292 units/mg; P<0.01). Grade-III patients showed much lower values (serum: 0.284±0.0109 units/ml; cervical tissue: 0.327±0.043 units/mg; P<0.001), where as Grade-II patients showed significant increase in total LDH activity (serum: 0.878±0.0531 units/ml; cervical tissue: 1.296±0.0813 units/mg; P<0.001) respectively. The results suggest that LDH isoenzyme is useful biochemical tumor marker for diagnosis and to assess the grade of malignancy.

Measurement of some Biochemical Parameters in Serum of Uterine Cancer

“…The results in Table (1) showed a significant increase (p≤ 0.05) in LDH activity in the serum of uterine cancer females compared with the healthy females. The obtained results were in agreement with those reported by other investigators (Subramanian et al, 2009;Kumar et al, 1988), which showed a higher activity of LDH in cervical cancer patients.…”

“…On the other hand, Subramanian et al, (2009) recorded changes in the total LDH activity in serum and tissues of cervical carcinoma patients, and they suggested that LDH isoenzyme is a useful biochemical tumor indicator for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of the disease, and to assess the grade of malignancy. The increase of LDH activity may be attributed to the genomic changes during malignant transformation, the main reason for the increase of LDH was due to increased tumor cells also produce more amount of lactic acid, and mainly due to the breakdown of glycoprotein into lactic acid formation (Subramanian et al, 2009).…”

Estimation of serum lactate dehydrogenase level in patients with oral premalignant lesions/conditions and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A clinicopathological study

“…[17] The study conducted by Subramanian et al in 2009 on cervical carcinoma has concluded that LDH isoenzyme is an important biochemical marker in assessing the grade of malignancy. [18] In the present study, serum LDH level did correlate with the histological grade of OSCC.…”

A study of salivary lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme levels in patients with oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma by gel electrophoresis method

“…Serum LDH isoenzyme levels have been studied extensively in various body cancers and increased levels have been observed. [ 15 16 17 18 19 ] Malignant tumor tissue or contiguous tissue damaged by tumor liberates enzymes into circulation, which contributes toward abnormal increase in enzyme levels. Irrespective of tissue of origin, studies on isoenzyme distribution in different types of malignant tumors have shown cathodic isoenzymes LDH 3, LDH 4 and LDH 5 to be abnormally increased.…”