A study of salivary lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme levels in patients with oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma by gel electrophoresis method

Abstract

Context:The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which is found in almost all the cells of body tissues, can be separated into five fractions and the isoenzyme pattern is believed to vary according to the metabolic requirement of each tissue. LDH concentration in saliva, as an expression of cellular necrosis, could be considered to be a specific indicator for oral lesions that affect the integrity of the oral mucosa.Aim:The present study was designed to evaluate salivary LDH isoenzyme pattern in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to correlate between LDH isoenzyme levels and histopathologic grading in selected cases of OL and OSCC.Materials and Methods:Clinically diagnosed 30 cases each of OL and OSCC were selected for the study and 30 healthy individuals of comparable age served as control. Unstimulated whole saliva was aseptically collected and was processed immediately for LDH isoenzymes measurement by agarose gel electrophoresis. Biopsy specimen obtained was processed and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Sections of OL and OSCC cases were scrutinized histopathologically and appropriately graded for epithelial dysplasia and differentiation of carcinoma respectively.Statistical Analysis Used:Two sample t test for testing the significance of difference between two group means was used.Results and Conclusion:The present salivary analysis for LDH isoenzyme reveals an overall increased salivary LDH isoenzyme level in OL and OSCC cases and a significant correlation between levels of salivary LDH isoenzymes and histopathologic grades of dysplasia in OL and OSCC. Salivary analysis of LDH will definitely provide the clinician and/or the patient himself with an efficient, non invasive and friendly new tool for diagnosis and monitoring of oral precancer and cancer.

Lactate Dehydrogenase as a Tumor Marker in Oral Cancer and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Biochemical Study

“…When serum LHD values were compared among oral cancer and control subjects, we found the LDH values were significantly higher in oral cancer group than healthy controls (p = 0.001). Our findings were in accordance with those of Rathore et al, 9 Joshi et al, 11 Pereira et al, 6 Hariharan et al, 13 Muralidhar et al, 14 and Görögh et al 15 We also found that salivary LDH levels in oral cancer cases were significantly higher than in control group. The comparison of salivary LDH levels between oral cancer and healthy subjects was statistically significant (p < 0.001).…”

“…18 In our study, there was a significant difference in the salivary and serum LDH levels between oral leukoplakia and healthy controls (p = 0.001). Our results were in accordance with the study conducted by Patel and Metgud, 4 Pereira et al, 6 Rathore et al, 9 Joshi et al, 11 Shetty et al, 16 and Achalli et al 19 In our present study, while comparing among all the study groups, we found that serum and salivary LDH levels were significantly higher in oral cancer followed by OSMF and oral leukoplakia. Intergroup comparison for mean value of salivary LDH levels was significantly higher in oral cancer group than control, oral leukoplakia, and OSMF groups (p < 0.0001).…”

“…10 The identification of molecular markers in the body fluids that would predict the development of cancer in its earlier stage or in precancerous stage would constitute such tool. 11 Tumor markers are biochemical substances elaborated by tumor cells due to either the cause or effect of malignant process; it can be obtained from several body fluids, such as serum and saliva. Lactate dehydrogenase is one of the tumor markers that can be obtained from both serum and saliva.…”

Comparison of Whole Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Level in Patients With and Without Periodontal Disease

“…In a previous study, oral epithelium was demonstrated as the major source for saliva LDH. So, LDH salivary level could be used as a biomarker of periodontal disease (26).…”

Effect of 3β, hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid on 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a) anthracene impaired cellular homeostasis in extrahepatic organs of Sprague Dawley rats

“…Furthermore, LDH is believed to vary according to the metabolic necessity of each tissue and alteration in LDH levels have been observed during development under changing biological conditions and in response to pathological processes. 68 Oxidative damage is an indicator of the diseases caused by disruption in tissue functions. The process of lipid peroxidation is under the control of efficient endogenous cellular defense systems that ensures optimum metabolic functions.…”