A Study of Luminous Bacterial Cells and Cytolysates with the Electron Microscope

Johnson, Frank H.; Zworykin, Nina; Warren, George H.

doi:10.1128/jb.46.2.167-185.1943

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The members of group B-l luminesce and have 39 to 41 moles % GC in their DNA. On the basis of their morphology, physiology, nutrition, and the GC content of their DNA molecules, these strains were identified as Photobacterium flscheri (5,7,(24)(25)(26). The strains belonging to group B-2 share two properties which separate them from the other strains in our collection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of Marine Bacteria: the Genus Beneckea

1971

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One-hundred-and-forty-five isolates of marine origin were submitted to an extensive physiological, nutritional, and morphological characterization. All strains were gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, straight or curved rods which were motile by means of flagella. Glucose was fermented with the production of acid but no gas. Sodium but no organic growth factors were required. None of the strains were able to denitrify or fix molecular nitrogen. The results of nutritional and physiological tests were submitted to a numerical analysis. On the basis of phenotypic similarity, nine groups were established. These groups could be distinguished from one another by multiple, unrelated, phenotypic traits. Six groups which had deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) containing 45 to 48 moles per cent guanine plus cytosine (GC) were assigned to a redefined genus Beneckea. All of the strains in this genus, when grown in liquid medium, had a single, polar flagellum. When grown on a solid medium, many strains had peritrichous flagella. Two groups were similar to previously described species and were designated B. alginolytica and B. natriegens. The remaining four groups were designated B. campbellii, B. neptuna, B. nereida, and B. pelagia. An additional group of phenotypically similar strains having the properties of the genus Beneckea was not included in the numerical analysis. These strains were readily separable from species of this genus and were designated B. parahaemolytica. Of the remaining groups, one was identified as Photobacterium flscheri. The other group (B-2) which had about 41 moles % GC content in its DNA could not be placed into existing genera. 268on July 3, 2020 by guest http://jb.asm.org/ Downloaded fromAfter 48 hr of incubation, the plates were flooded with acidic mercuric chloride (52). Amylase production was determined on YEA containing 2 g of starch per liter. After 48 hr of incubation, the plates were flooded with Lugol's Iodine solution (53). Lipase production was 269

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of Marine Bacteria: the Genus Beneckea

1971

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“…Johnson apparently received LMD 34.28 during his visit in 1939 to Kluyver's group at Delft and Utrecht (Johnson, 1939), where he worked under the supervision of van Schouwenberg (1938). For example, Johnson cites provision to him of a strain of P. phosphoreum by Kluyver from ‘the Delft Collection’ in 1939 (Johnson et al ., 1943, 1945; Johnson and Gray, 1949). More recent information indicates that LMD 34.28 was lost from the LMD but was replaced in 1980 by NCIMB 1282 (=ATCC 11040 T ) from the National Collections of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB), which received it, as ATCC 11040 T , from the ATCC; the LMD listed this replacement strain as LMD 34.28a (neotype) (= LMD 80.93).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic resolution and habitat specificity of members of the Photobacterium phosphoreum species group

Ast

Dunlap

2005

Environmental Microbiology

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Substantial ambiguity exists regarding the phylogenetic status of facultatively psychrophilic luminous bacteria identified as Photobacterium phosphoreum, a species thought to be widely distributed in the world's oceans and believed to be the specific bioluminescent light-organ symbiont of several deep-sea fishes. Members of the P. phosphoreum species group include luminous and non-luminous strains identified phenotypically from a variety of different habitats as well as phylogenetically defined lineages that appear to be evolutionarily distinct. To resolve this ambiguity and to begin developing a meaningful knowledge of the geographic distributions, habitats and symbiotic relationships of bacteria in the P. phosphoreum species group, we carried out a multilocus, fine-scale phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the 16S rRNA, gyrB and luxABFE genes of many newly isolated luminous strains from symbiotic and saprophytic habitats, together with previously isolated luminous and non-luminous strains identified as P. phosphoreum from these and other habitats. Parsimony analysis unambiguously resolved three evolutionarily distinct clades, phosphoreum, iliopiscarium and kishitanii. The tight phylogenetic clustering within these clades and the distinct separation between them indicates they are different species, P. phosphoreum, Photobacterium iliopiscarium and the newly recognized 'Photobacterium kishitanii'. Previously reported non-luminous strains, which had been identified phenotypically as P. phosphoreum, resolved unambiguously as P. iliopiscarium, and all examined deep-sea fishes (specimens of families Chlorophthalmidae, Macrouridae, Moridae, Trachichthyidae and Acropomatidae) were found to harbour 'P. kishitanii', not P. phosphoreum, in their light organs. This resolution revealed also that 'P. kishitanii' is cosmopolitan in its geographic distribution. Furthermore, the lack of phylogenetic variation within 'P. kishitanii' indicates that this facultatively symbiotic bacterium is not cospeciating with its phylogenetically divergent host fishes. The results of this fine-scale phylogenetic analysis support the emerging view that bacterial species names should designate singular historical entities, i.e. discrete lineages diagnosed by a significant divergence of shared derived nucleotide characters.

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“…Antigenicity of Filtrates After Cytolysis The antigenic properties of filtrates are of particular interest because the internal components of the cell rather than the entire cell are largely involved. Electron micrographs (Johnson, Zworykin, and Warren, 1943) have conclusively shown that distilled water cytolysis of luminous cells is rapid but is not accompanied by a complete disintegration of the cell wall. Furthermore, the end product of cytolysis is a cell structure which is for the most part devoid of internal components.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…The phenomena associated with the cytolysis of these organisms have been extensively investigated from the point of view of physiological activity (Harvey, 1915;Hill, 1929;Korr, 1935aKorr, , 1935bHarvey, 1937, 1938) as well as the fine structure of the cells (Johnson, Zworykin, and Warren, 1943). In the report by Harvey and Deitrich (1930), however, the production of antibodies against the oxidative enzyme (luciferase) concerned in the luminescence of extracts of the invertebrate animal Cypridina is described.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Antigenic Structure and Specificity of Luminous Bacteria

Warren

1945

J Bacteriol

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A Study of Luminous Bacterial Cells and Cytolysates with the Electron Microscope

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Taxonomy of Marine Bacteria: the Genus Beneckea

Taxonomy of Marine Bacteria: the Genus Beneckea

Phylogenetic resolution and habitat specificity of members of the Photobacterium phosphoreum species group

The Antigenic Structure and Specificity of Luminous Bacteria

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