A Study of Mortality Experiences in a Mental-Handicap Hospital

McLoughlin, I J

doi:10.1192/bjp.153.5.645

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…They cite an increase of 368% from 1974 to 2002 in persons with intellectual disabilities between the ages of 35 and 54 and an increase of 249% in those older than 55. This increase is attributed to improvements in health care and living conditions (Brody & Ruff, 1986;Lubin & Kiely, 1985;McLoughlin, 1988;Sison & Cotton, 1989). There is also agreement that the impact of this demographic trend will only increase as the baby boomers age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Although there is a lack of consensus among experts on the estimates of the number of older people with developmental disabilities, there is widespread agreement that increasing numbers of people with developmental disabilities are living into old age (Bittles et al, 2002;Braddock, 1999;Brown, 1993;Janicki, 1996;McLoughlin, 1988;Salvatori, Tremblay, Sandys, & Marcaccio, 1998). Median life expectancy of persons with intellectual disabilities currently ranges between 58.6 and 74 years (Bittles et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Evaluations and Modifications to Support Aging at Home With a Developmental Disability

Hutchings

Olsen

Moulton

2008

Journal of Housing For the Elderly

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ABSTRACT.Increasing numbers of people with developmental disabilities are living into old age and are now residing in community-based housing, largely due to the deinstitutionalization movement. The overlay of age-related impairments onto pre-existing, lifelong disabilities puts this population at a magnified risk for premature behavioral limitations and loss of independence. This article describes a demonstration project designed to enable people with developmental disabilities to age in place. Interviews and observational assessments with 45 older adults with developmental disabilities were conducted in their community-based homes to identify potential barriers to aging in place. An Individualized Environmental Intervention Plan was developed for each study participant, recommending ways to solve problems and eliminate potential barriers. Individualized Environmental Intervention Plans were implemented to the extent possible through home modifications and assistive technology. Pre-and post-modification task performance and self-report revealed the positive impact that home modifications and assistive technology can have. The study demonstrates the need for ongoing evaluation and assessment sensitive to the needs of people with developmental disabilities and the unique characteristics of supported living settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Evaluations and Modifications to Support Aging at Home With a Developmental Disability

Hutchings

Olsen

Moulton

2008

Journal of Housing For the Elderly

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“…However, in the present study of subjects aged 60 years and over, the prevalence of severe retardation was lower than in the Australian study and there were no profoundly retarded individuals. This might reflect mortality at a younger age among severely and especially profoundly retarded individuals (McLoughlin 1988;Dupont & Mortensen 1990;Eyman et al 1990;O'Brien et at. 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical aspects of ageing in a population with intellectual disability: I. Visual impairment

Evenhuis

1995

J intellect Disabil Res

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Visual function of an institutionalized population with intellectual disability, consisting of 70 subjects with a mean age of 70.1 (range 60-92) years at initial evaluation, was assessed during a 10-year prospective longitudinal study. One subject had Down's syndrome and could not be assessed as a result of dementia. Lower visual acuity values were relatively overrepresented as compared to reported data from ageing populations without intellectual disability. In addition, the prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment was distinctly higher (27.9% in the group studied vs. 0.66% at age 60-69 years to 13% over age 80 in a population without intellectual disability). During follow-up, visual function improved in three out of 61 subjects (4.9%) after cataract surgery, and deteriorated in eight out of 61 subjects (13.1%), even with optimal correction, as a result of cataract and macular degeneration. Causes of excess impairment were congenital or childhood conditions, too-late diagnosis of glaucoma and suboptimal correction of refractive errors in non-cooperative individuals. The present author concludes that it should be possible to reduce excess impairment by an active diagnostic and therapeutic attitude to subjects from a young age onwards.

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“…However, reports have indicated an increased mortality rate in visually impaired children in the more affluent parts of the world, as well (Warburg 1980;Krumpaszky & Klauss 1996;Crofts et al 1998). With the knowledge of the high prevalence of additional impairments, mainly mental retardation, in visually impaired children (Williamson et al 1987;Riise et al 1992;Häussler et al 1996a;Blohmé & Tornqvist 1997a;Foster & Gilbert 1997;Arnaud et al 1998) and the increased mortality in mentally retarded (McLoughlin 1988;Dupont 1989;Eyman et al 1990) it could be expected that the combination with additional impairments is an important factor in the increased mortality in visually impaired children.…”

Section: T Is Estimated By the Who (Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visually impaired Swedish children. The 1980 cohort study; aspects on mortality

Blohmé

Törnqvist

2000

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: Assessment of the burden of mortality in a cohort of visually impaired children in a geographically defined area. Methods: A 19-year follow-up of medical records and death certificates. Results and conclusions: Of the initial 128 patients, born 1962-76, 17 (13%) had died, giving a highly significant increase in mortality compared to the equivalent age-specific Swedish population (p-value ∞0.000001). All deceased had additional impairments. Respiratory causes of death were found in 12/17 cases. The primary ophthalmological diagnosis was cerebral visual impairment in 8 cases, optic atrophy in 6 cases, one each of congenital cataract, microphthalmus and chorioretinitis. A more pronounced level of visual impairment gave an increased risk of mortality. A significantly higher mortality rate among multiply impaired was seen in the combined group with 'childhood blindness' (visual acuity ∞0.05) and 'visual impairment, undetermined or unknown' opposed to the group with 'low vision' (visual acuity 0.05-∞0.3) (pΩ0.047).

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A Study of Mortality Experiences in a Mental-Handicap Hospital

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Environmental Evaluations and Modifications to Support Aging at Home With a Developmental Disability

Environmental Evaluations and Modifications to Support Aging at Home With a Developmental Disability

Medical aspects of ageing in a population with intellectual disability: I. Visual impairment

Visually impaired Swedish children. The 1980 cohort study; aspects on mortality

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