A study of poplar organosolv lignin after melt rheology treatment as carbon fiber precursors

Sun, Qining; Khunsupat, Ratayakorn; Akato, Kokouvi; Tao, Jingming; Labbé, Nicole; Gallego, Nidia C.; Bozell, Joseph J.; Rials, Timothy G.; Tuskan, Gerald A.; Tschaplinski, Timothy J.; Naskar, Amit K.; Pu, Yunqiao; Ragauskas, Arthur J.

doi:10.1039/c6gc00977h

Cited by 91 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Previously, Sun et al 48 investigated rheology of softwood lignin at different melting temperatures and indicated that repolymerization is the main reaction at temperatures below 190 8C, and thermal decomposition becomes dominant at higher temperatures. Since meltspinning of lignin is usually conducted at a temperature range below 200 8C (because aryl ether linkages in lignin cleave at temperatures above 200 8C), the mass loss of the precursors at this temperature range could be indicative of undesired bubbling and volatile release during the melt-spinning process.…”

Section: Glass Transition Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of producing carbon fiber from biorefinery corn stover lignin with high ash content

Liu

Xue

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The possibility of producing carbon fiber from an industrial corn stover lignin was investigated in the present study. Asreceived, high-ash containing lignin was subjected to methanol fractionation, acetylation, and thermal treatment prior to melt spinning and the changes in physiochemical and thermal properties were evaluated. Methanol fractionation removed most of the impurities in the raw lignin and also selectively removed the molecules with high melting points. However, neither methanol fractionation nor thermal treatment rendered melt-spinnable precursors. The precursors were highly viscous and decomposed easily at low temperatures, attributed to the presence of H, G phenolic units, and abundant hydroxycinnamate groups in herbaceous lignin. A two-step acetylation of methanol fractionated lignin greatly improved the mobility of lignin, while enhancing the thermal stability of the precursor during melt-spinning. Fourier Transform Infrared and 2D-NMR analysis showed that the contents of phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyls, as well as the hydroxycinnamates, decreased in the acetylated precursors. The optimum precursor was a partially acetylated lignin with a glass transition temperature of 85 8C. Upon oxidative stabilization and carbonization, the carbon fibers with an average tensile strength of 454 MPa and modulus of 62 GPa were obtained. The Raman spectroscopy showed the I D /I G ratio of the carbon fiber was 2.53. V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45736.

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Section: Glass Transition Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of producing carbon fiber from biorefinery corn stover lignin with high ash content

Liu

Xue

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[2a] Our group learned previously that thermals tabilization in air can crosslink lignin with itself or with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber( NBR),g iving different thermomechanical properties of the lignin-NBRadducts, hinting to apathway for bettercontrol of morphology. [10] Concurrently,l ignin radicals can also attack the unsaturated C=Co nN BR, in turn, crosslinking with NBR. As ag ood radicals cavenger, [9] any free radicals generatedf rom the thermally sensitive linkages during stabilization can then crosslink with reactive sites on other lignin molecules, resulting in am olecular weight change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Lignin‐Derived Renewable Carbon with Tunable Porosity for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Nguyen

Meek

et al. 2018

ChemSusChem

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Synthesis of multiphase materials from lignin, a biorefinery coproduct, offers limited success owing to the inherent difficulty in controlling dispersion of these renewable hyperbranched macromolecules in the product or its intermediates. Effective use of the chemically reactive functionalities in lignin, however, enables tuning morphologies of the materials. Here, we bind lignin oligomers with a rubbery macromolecule followed by thermal crosslinking to form a carbon precursor with phase contrasted morphology at submicron scale. The solvent-free mixing is conducted in a high-shear melt mixer. With this, the carbon precursor is further modified with potassium hydroxide for a single-step carbonization to yield activated carbon with tunable pore structure. A typical precursor with 90 % lignin yields porous carbon with 2120 m g surface area and supercapacitor with 215 F g capacitance. The results show a simple route towards manufacturing carbon-based energy-storage materials, eliminating the need for conventional template synthesis.

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“…Isothermal viscosity measured at 200 °C is also shown in the figure. Isothermal viscosity can reflect the processability of the precursor fibers during melt‐spinning process . As shown in Figure (d), the viscosity is initially within 10–50 Pa·s for all three polymers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal treatment of pyrolytic lignin and polyethylene terephthalate toward carbon fiber production

Bai

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, pyrolytic lignin (PL) was thermally co‐treated with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to produce carbon fiber precursor. The produced PL‐PET precursors were thoroughly characterized and analyzed, and then being processed into carbon fiber. It was found that a novel precursor, rather than their physical blending, was formed by the thermal co‐treatment, indicating there were strong interactions between PL and PET. The novel PL‐PET precursors had enhanced thermal properties and rheological characteristics, therefore are more suitable for processing into better carbon fibers based on melt‐spinning method. In this study, the precursor fibers derived from the co‐treatment of PL and 5% PET were also stretched under tension during stabilization step to reduce the fiber diameter and improve molecular orientation. The resulting carbon fibers with an average diameter of 12.6 μm had the tensile strength of up to 1220 MPa. This work demonstrated that PET could be used to improve the processability and quality of lignin‐based carbon fiber when it is chemically bonded with lignin‐based precursor. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48843.

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A study of poplar organosolv lignin after melt rheology treatment as carbon fiber precursors

Cited by 91 publications

References 41 publications

Potential of producing carbon fiber from biorefinery corn stover lignin with high ash content

Potential of producing carbon fiber from biorefinery corn stover lignin with high ash content

A Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Lignin‐Derived Renewable Carbon with Tunable Porosity for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Thermal treatment of pyrolytic lignin and polyethylene terephthalate toward carbon fiber production

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