2013
DOI: 10.2528/pier13103106
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A Study of Radar Features of Wind Turbines in the Hf Band

Abstract: Abstract-Radar features of wind turbines are simulated and studied in the HF band. The features are presented in the range-Doppler plane for single as well as arrays of turbines. Doppler aliasing due to the limited pulse repetition frequency of HF radars is examined. Shadowing characteristics of arrays of turbines are simulated and analyzed. Electromagnetic modeling details including effects of thinwire modeling, non-conducting turbine components, and the presence of a conducting ground surface are discussed.

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Cited by 6 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…The antenna and target models are then imported as piecewise mesh triangles, and the ground plane is assumed to be an infinite substrate with dielectric properties of  r = 4.5 and tan = 0.97. In the EM simulation process, the transmit antenna pattern is imported as a far-field source to obtain the amplitude and phase information of the backscattered electromagnetic waves for every chirp duration [7], as illustrated in Fig. 3.…”
Section: Proposed Systematic Optimization Processmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The antenna and target models are then imported as piecewise mesh triangles, and the ground plane is assumed to be an infinite substrate with dielectric properties of  r = 4.5 and tan = 0.97. In the EM simulation process, the transmit antenna pattern is imported as a far-field source to obtain the amplitude and phase information of the backscattered electromagnetic waves for every chirp duration [7], as illustrated in Fig. 3.…”
Section: Proposed Systematic Optimization Processmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Then, the received signals are used to calculate the beat frequencies for the chirps, and these calculated data are stacked in sequence as a 2D matrix. Finally, the range-Doppler map is obtained using the matrix through the two-step fast Fourier transform (FFT), and the quality of the image can be further improved by applying the windowing, clipping, and filtering techniques [7]. It is assumed that the FMCW radar operates at a frequency of 77.5 GHz with a bandwidth of 200 MHz.…”
Section: Proposed Systematic Optimization Processmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Periodic RCS variability was identified as the underlying mechanism for the harmonic peaks that appear in HF radar spectra. Naqvi et al (2013) conducted a simulation-based study that expanded the periodic RCS analysis to scattering from a small wind farm (nine turbines) and focused solely on turbines echoes in the absence of other targets (sea echoes, vessels, etc.). Effects due to either intra-turbine or inter-turbine multiple scattering were shown to exist but were fairly weak and the shadowing effect of a wind farm was found to not be significant on HF radar backscattered signals.…”
Section: C3 -Previous Efforts To Understand and Mitigate Wind Turbinmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, this method would entail delays in reacting to the interrogating signal in the circuits and digital processing, which might prove to be a disadvantage. Some of the methods described have been used to reduce RCS of wind turbines: Brock and et al (), Naqvi and Ling (), Palmer and Torres (), Pinto et al (), and Raza and Fickenscher (). A comprehensive discussion of existing RCS reduction techniques for phased arrays is provided in H. Singh and Jha (), where the authors mainly focus on the RCS due to the coupling between the array and an incident field (the so‐called antenna mode scattering).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%