A Study of the Effects of Hard Landing on Aircraft Structure

Abstract

Aircraft MLG and wing structures have been recognized as fatigue critical structures and exposed to the risk of fatigue crack initiation and propagation. Furthermore, these structures are frequently subjected to serious dynamic loading condition during a Hard Landing which may lead to their failure. Especially, structural integrity of MLG and wing components is decreased as the flight time increased because of the fatigue damage accumulated on the aircraft.In this study, the effects of Hard Landing on the MLG and wing components of aging aircraft were evaluated by using numerical approach. To achieve the aim, a finite element model has been developed and simulations were conducted by varying the landing conditions. As a result, it was revealed that the high stress concentration phenomenon was occurred at the lower Side Brace of MLG. Thereby, the intensified inspection for the lower Side Brace should be considered to prevent unexpected aircraft mishap.

Religion and Derivative Use: Evidence from the Hedge Fund Industry

“…2022, 2023; La Porta et al. 1999; Lee, Lee, and Oh 2022a, 2022b; Oh and Shin 2022a). At the microeconomic level, many studies have provided empirical evidence on the role of religion in corporate decision‐making, such as innovation, cross‐border mergers and acquisitions, environmental responsibility, and fraud (Adhikari and Agrawal 2016a; Du et al.…”

“…Barro and McCleary (2003) report that religious beliefs in hell and heaven are positively associated with economic performance. Religion also affects other macro-level outcomes, including financial development structure, the quality of governments, household saving behavior, and foreign investment (Hong et al 2022(Hong et al , 2023La Porta et al 1999;Oh 2022a, 2022b;Oh and Shin 2022a). At the microeconomic level, many studies have provided empirical evidence on the role of religion in corporate decision-making, such as innovation, cross-border mergers and acquisitions, environmental responsibility, and fraud (Adhikari and Agrawal 2016a;Du et al 2014;McGuire, Omer, and Sharp 2012;Shin 2022b, 2022c;Hong et al 2022).…”

“…At the microeconomic level, many studies have provided empirical evidence on the role of religion in corporate decision‐making, such as innovation, cross‐border mergers and acquisitions, environmental responsibility, and fraud (Adhikari and Agrawal 2016a; Du et al. 2014; McGuire, Omer, and Sharp 2012; Oh and Shin 2022b, 2022c; Hong et al. 2022).…”

Hard-landing Simulation by a Hierarchical Aircraft Landing Model and an Extended Inertia Relief Technique

“…Among these various types of accidents, hard-landing is the most common accident which occurs during landing of aircraft and actually it happened 54 times of 395 commercial jets over 60,000 pounds from 1993 to 2002 [1]. Although hardlanding itself does not result in fatality, it may cause damage to airframe which leads to catastrophic accident during the next flight because invisible micro crack developed by hard-landing can grow to macro structural damage in the case of longterm operating aircraft [2]. Therefore determining whether hard-landing occurs or not is certainly very significant task for safety.…”