A Study of the Influence of Emotions and Affects on the Surface Temperature of the Human Body

Ziegler, Lloyd H.; Cash, Paul T.

doi:10.1176/ajp.95.3.677

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Emotional excitement or apprehension is known to induce a slight increase in human skin temperature (Elam & Wallin, 1987;Oka et al, 2001Oka et al, , 2008Yamakoshi et al, 2007;Ziegler & Cash, 1938). Although several authors have demonstrated stress-induced skin temperature changes, the mechanisms by which odorants induce such changes are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If feelings of excitement or apprehension induce slight increases in skin temperature (Elam & Wallin, 1987;Oka et al, 2001Oka et al, , 2008Yamakoshi et al, 2007;Ziegler & Cash, 1938), it is reasonable to assume that essential oils can be regarded as having either distressing/agitating properties when associated with increases in skin temperature or relaxing/sedating properties when associated with decreases in skin temperature. Mehrabian and Russell (1974) constructed a set of verbal texts describing different situations, and a scale for rating these texts (the Semantic Differential Scale).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Versatile Psychophysiological Potencies of Essential Oils, when Seen as a Function of Behavioral Task Assigned to the Participants after Inhalation

Sugawara¹,

Shigetho²,

Yoneda³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Social Science Studies

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To elucidate the psychophysiological effect of inhaling essential oils, in this paper, we sought to assess the following 12 essential oils: basil, bergamot, cardamom, cinnamon, juniper, lemon, orange, palmarosa, peppermint, sandalwood, spearmint, and ylang ylang. As these being target odors, we focused on the verbal (semantic) and non-verbal (skin temperature) endpoints of the stimuli. In our experimental design, we managed to assign different behavioral tasks to the participants. The Uchida-Kraepelin test was used as a mental arithmetic task and listening to environmental (natural) sounds as an auditory task. In the verbal study, for an example, we conducted the sensory test twice, once before and once after the task. As a measure of the perceived odor quality in participants after inhalation of a given aroma, we employed a sensory evaluation spectrum. It is a bar graph in which the mean of the difference in score between pre-and post-task inquiry (post minus pre) was plotted against the impression descriptors. Taking into account of the obtained skin temperature changes between pre-and post-task inhalations, the subtle nuances between verbal and non-verbal expressions seen as a function of the two behavioral tasks assigned to the participant suggested that essential oils may have versatile psychophysiological potencies by the nature.

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“…Emotional excitement or apprehension is known to induce a slight increase in human skin temperature (Elam & Wallin, 1987;Oka et al, 2001Oka et al, , 2008Yamakoshi et al, 2007;Ziegler & Cash, 1938). Although several authors have demonstrated stress-induced skin temperature changes, the mechanisms by which odorants induce such changes are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile Psychophysiological Potencies of Essential Oils, when Seen as a Function of Behavioral Task Assigned to the Participants after Inhalation

Sugawara¹,

Shigetho²,

Yoneda³

et al. 2015

International Journal of Social Science Studies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Emotional excitement or apprehension is known to induce a slight increase in human skin temperature (Elam & Wallin, 1987;Oka et al, 2001Oka et al, , 2008Yamakoshi et al, 2007;Ziegler & Cash, 1938), although the mechanisms by which odorants induce such changes are unknown, and what's more the complicated factors influence cutaneous vascular responses with respect to skin temperature changes (Abramson & Ferris 1940;Allwood et al, 1959;Arnott & Macfie, 1948;Elam & Wallin, 1987;Harris et al, 1952;Gaskell, 1956;Kellerova & Delius 1969;Roddie, 1983;Roddie et al 1957;Rowell, 1981;Vallbo et al, 1979). However, if feelings of excitement or apprehension induce slight increases in skin temperature (Elam & Wallin, 1987;Oka et al, 2001Oka et al, , 2008Yamakoshi et al, 2007;Ziegler & Cash, 1938), it is reasonable to assume that our target odors can be regarded as having either distressing/agitating sentiments when associated with increases in skin temperature (Figure 6(b)) or relaxing/sedating sentiments when associated with decreases in skin temperature (Figure 7). Mehrabian and Russell (1974) constructed a set of verbal texts describing different situations, and a scale for rating these texts (the Semantic Differential Scale).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conclusively, we found that multi-channel skin thermometer data might complement the statistical defects of the relevant sensory spectra. Emotional excitement or apprehension is known to induce a slight increase in skin temperature (Elam & Wallin, 1987;Oka et al, 2001Oka et al, , 2008Yamakoshi et al, 2007;Ziegler & Cash, 1938). As the perception of and response to odors are intimately related to both emotional expression and genesis of emotion, skin temperature changes can serve as an effective index for the study of the relationship between odor and its emotional and physiological responses in humans.…”

Section: Multi-channel Skin Thermometer Study: Assessing the Statistimentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Mood Change, Odor and Its Psychophysiological Responses in Humans in Terms of the Sensory Evaluation Spectrum

Hiroshima¹

2015

PSYCH

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“…For example, emotions like anxiety and sadness have come to be associated with lowered peripheral temperature (Ziegler and Cash, 1938;Ekman et al, 1983;McFarland, 1985;Ekman, 1993;Nummenmaa et al, 2014). Relatedly, adults' peripheral temperatures drop when they feel socially excluded .…”

Section: How Social Thermoregulation Supports Co-regulation: Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Modernizing Relationship Therapy through Social Thermoregulation Theory: Evidence, Hypotheses, and Explorations

IJzerman¹,

Heine²,

Pronk³

2017

Preprint

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In the present article the authors propose to modernize relationship therapy by integrating novel sensor and actuator technologies that can help optimize people’s thermoregulation, especially in social contexts. Specifically, they propose to integrate Social Thermoregulation Theory (IJzerman et al., 2015a; IJzerman & Hogerzeil, 2017) into Emotionally Focused Therapy. As such, the authors suggest to craft a Social Thermoregulation (the pleisiomorphic reliance of relationships on temperature regulation) type therapy to further improve relationship therapy. The authors outline what is known and not known in terms of social thermoregulatory mechanisms, what kind of data collection and analyses are necessary to better understand social thermoregulatory mechanisms, and stress the need to conduct Randomized Clinical Trials prior to implementation. They further warn against too hastily applying these theoretical perspectives. The article concludes by outlining why Social Thermoregulation Therapy is the way forward in improving relationship functioning.This paper was published in Frontiers:IJzerman, H., Heine, E. C., Nagel, S. K., & Pronk, T. M. (2017). Modernizing Relationship Therapy through Social Thermoregulation Theory: Evidence, Hypotheses, and Explorations. Frontiers in Psychology, 8.

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A Study of the Influence of Emotions and Affects on the Surface Temperature of the Human Body

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Versatile Psychophysiological Potencies of Essential Oils, when Seen as a Function of Behavioral Task Assigned to the Participants after Inhalation

Versatile Psychophysiological Potencies of Essential Oils, when Seen as a Function of Behavioral Task Assigned to the Participants after Inhalation

Relationship between Mood Change, Odor and Its Psychophysiological Responses in Humans in Terms of the Sensory Evaluation Spectrum

Modernizing Relationship Therapy through Social Thermoregulation Theory: Evidence, Hypotheses, and Explorations

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