A study of the major australian snake venoms in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis): II. Myolytic and haematological effects of venoms

Sutherland, Struan K.; Campbell, D. Grant; Stubbs, AlanE.

doi:10.3109/00313028109086644

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Rhabdomyolysis, indicated in the current report by elevations in serum activities of CK and AST, has been previously reported in cases of Red-bellied Black snake envenomation in monkeys, 11 mice, 7 rats 17 and humans 4 and is now described in the dog. The elevations of CK and AST activities in this dog were greater than 12 times the upper limit of the reference ranges, indicative of moderate to severe skeletal muscle damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anuric renal failure in a dog after Red‐bellied Black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) envenomation

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A case of Red‐bellied Black snake envenomation resulting in intravascular haemolytic anaemia, rhabdomyolysis and anuric renal failure is described in the dog. A 12‐year‐old female desexed Golden Retriever was presented with a 15 hour history of profuse salivation, progressive lethargy, obtundence, inappetence and collapse. Significant findings on clinical examination were pallor, icterus, tachypnoea and dyspnoea with increased respiratory sounds and crackles in all lung fields. Generalised abdominal and muscular pain was apparent and dark red‐brown urine was present around the perineal region. A diagnosis of Red‐bellied Black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) envenomation was made and the dog was treated with intravenous fluid therapy, Tiger/Brown snake antivenom, packed red cell transfusions and Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation. Continued clinical deterioration occurred and a diagnosis of acute renal failure secondary to myohaemoglobinuric pigmenturia was made 12 hours after admission. Intensive treatment was attempted with diuresis and volume expansion. Oliguria and subsequent anuria ensued and the dog was euthanased due to a grave prognosis and lack of clinical response to treatment. Necropsy examination revealed muscular necrosis, accumulation of fluid in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities, and marked renal tubular necrosis with intraluminal occlusion secondary to pigmentary casts.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…11 However, this assertion is challenged by the presence of a marked haemolytic anaemia requiring multiple red cell transfusions in the dog reported here. Further, haemolysis is likely to have contributed to the development of acute anuric renal failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Anuric renal failure in a dog after Red‐bellied Black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) envenomation

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whether this observation is due to proteolytic degradation or alteration in the quaternary structure of the procoagulant present in this venom, or to a physiologically sub-optimal environment in the in vitro coagulant activity assay remains unknown. Notably, serine proteinase inhibitors had to be used in the isolation of the prothrombin activator [54] and an apparent in vivo inactivation of the coagulant activity of O. scutellatus venom was described in a monkey model of envenoming [56]. Consequently, we modified the coagulant activity neutralisation protocol in order to avoid the incubation of venom at 37°C for 30 min.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Evaluation of Caprylic Acid-Fractionated IgG Antivenom for the Treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) Envenoming in Papua New Guinea

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundSnake bite is a common medical emergency in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus, inflicts a large number of bites that, in the absence of antivenom therapy, result in high mortality. Parenteral administration of antivenoms manufactured in Australia is the current treatment of choice for these envenomings. However, the price of these products is high and has increased over the last 25 years; consequently the country can no longer afford all the antivenom it needs. This situation prompted an international collaborative project aimed at generating a new, low-cost antivenom against O. scutellatus for PNG.Methodology/Principal FindingsA new monospecific equine whole IgG antivenom, obtained by caprylic acid fractionation of plasma, was prepared by immunising horses with the venom of O. scutellatus from PNG. This antivenom was compared with the currently used F(ab')2 monospecific taipan antivenom manufactured by CSL Limited, Australia. The comparison included physicochemical properties and the preclinical assessment of the neutralisation of lethal neurotoxicity and the myotoxic, coagulant and phospholipase A2 activities of the venom of O. scutellatus from PNG. The F(ab')2 antivenom had a higher protein concentration than whole IgG antivenom. Both antivenoms effectively neutralised, and had similar potency, against the lethal neurotoxic effect (both by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes of injection), myotoxicity, and phospholipase A2 activity of O. scutellatus venom. However, the whole IgG antivenom showed a higher potency than the F(ab')2 antivenom in the neutralisation of the coagulant activity of O. scutellatus venom from PNG.Conclusions/SignificanceThe new whole IgG taipan antivenom described in this study compares favourably with the currently used F(ab')2 antivenom, both in terms of physicochemical characteristics and neutralising potency. Therefore, it should be considered as a promising low-cost candidate for the treatment of envenomings by O. scutellatus in PNG, and is ready to be tested in clinical trials.

show abstract

“…It is an aggressive, fast‐moving snake. The venom is powerfully coagulant and is able to produce intravascular thrombosis in rabbits and mice 4,5 . Sutherland records that Stephen's banded snake bite may cause local pain, headache and nausea, with serious illness unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three cases of envenomation by Stephen's banded snakes

Comadira

1995

Emergency Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To describe three cases of envenomation by the Stephen's banded snake, a species not previously identified as likely to cause serious illness. Clinical features Three cases of envenomation by Hoplocephalus stephensii are presented. Two of the patients had no symptoms and one mild symptoms only. All had significant coagulation disturbances. Intervention and outcome Two patients were managed with tiger snake antivenom. All three recovered uneventfully. Conclusion The venom of Stephen's banded snake produces major disturbances of coagulation. In these three cases there were few systemic symptoms. Tiger snake antivenom was shown to be the appropriate antivenom.

show abstract

A study of the major australian snake venoms in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis): II. Myolytic and haematological effects of venoms

Cited by 42 publications

References 27 publications

Anuric renal failure in a dog after Red‐bellied Black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) envenomation

Anuric renal failure in a dog after Red‐bellied Black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) envenomation

Preclinical Evaluation of Caprylic Acid-Fractionated IgG Antivenom for the Treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) Envenoming in Papua New Guinea

Three cases of envenomation by Stephen's banded snakes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About