A study of the microstructure of CTAB/1-butanol/octane/water system by PGSE-NMR, conductivity and cryo-TEM

Xu, Jiarui; Li, Ganzuo; Zhang, Zhiqiang; Zhou, Guowei; Ji, Kejian

doi:10.1016/s0927-7757(01)00689-6

Cited by 50 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Conductivity values decreased after the PIT and the system inverted to w/o. An increase in conductivity with hydrocarbon chain length was observed on addition of water (14,15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the absence of cosurfactant, no phase inversion was observed, whereas the system was inverted to w/o from o/w in the presence of cosurfactant. Generally o/w and w/o microemulsions are separated with the lamellar liquid-crystalline phase (15,19,24). In the presence of cosurfactant, the oil has a lower tendency to combine with water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instrumentation such as that for measuring nuclear magnetic resonance self-diffusion coefficients (14)(15)(16), small-angle neutron X-ray scattering, light scattering (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), and electrical conductivity is often used to study the structure of droplets.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phase inversion temperatures of triton X‐100/1‐butanol/hydrocarbon/water systems

Bayrak

İşcan

2004

J Surfact & Detergents

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The formation of a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion in Triton X-100/1-butanol/alkane/water systems was investigated at 25.0 ± 0.1°C. Phase inversion temperatures in hydrocarbon-water microemulsions stabilized with Triton X-100 were determined for different hydrocarbons. It was found that the more soluble the alkane (oil), functioning as a nonionic emulsifier, the lower was the phase inversion temperature, above which oil-in-water type microemulsions invert to w/o type. The effect of the presence of cosurfactant was studied. No phase inversion was observed in the absence of cosurfactant. The effect on phase inversion temperature of decreasing or increasing the temperature was evaluated. By definition, phase inversion was not affected by different temperatures.Many studies involving ionic and nonionic surfactant systems have considered the formation of micelles and microemulsions (1-8). Isotropic solutions, containing lowmolecular weight aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon oil components, have been extensively studied, and a large amount of data exists on their composition, properties, and structures (9-12).Water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions are isotropic solutions of low viscosity and are thermodynamically stable (13). They are formed when suitable compositions of surfactant, cosurfactant, water, and hydrocarbon are mixed together.With improved understanding of isotropic solutions, knowledge of their microstructures has become important. Instrumentation such as that for measuring nuclear magnetic resonance self-diffusion coefficients (14-16), small-angle neutron X-ray scattering, light scattering (17-23), and electrical conductivity is often used to study the structure of droplets.Microemulsions stabilized with a nonionic surfactant tend to form a w/o type emulsion at higher temperatures and an o/w type at lower temperatures. Accordingly, a phase inversion temperature (PIT) is observed at the intermediate temperature. The type and stability of the emulsions, i.e., the PIT, is also closely related to the optimal temperature for the solubilization of hydrocarbons in aqueous surfactant solutions and of water in nonaqueous surfactant solutions (24-26). Hence, it is important to know the PIT values of various systems under various conditions.In this study, the effects with changing temperature on w/o microemulsion systems of hydrocarbons having different chain lengths were determined in the presence of a cosurfactant. A physicochemical study using electrical conductivity measurements was completed. samples (mixtures of Triton X-100, 1-butanol, and hydrocarbon) with water. The samples were vortexed to mix them thoroughly, sealed in screwtop vials, and kept in a 25.0 ± 0.1°C water bath. To ensure that equilibrium was attained, the samples were heated, mixed, and allowed to equilibrate two or three times. The phase behavior of the solutions was observed visually between crossed polarized sheets for formation of optical birefringence, turbidity, or opacity.Conductivity measurement. w/o microemulsions of (Triton X-100/C 4 H 9 ...

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“…Conductivity values decreased after the PIT and the system inverted to w/o. An increase in conductivity with hydrocarbon chain length was observed on addition of water (14,15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phase inversion temperatures of triton X‐100/1‐butanol/hydrocarbon/water systems

Bayrak

İşcan

2004

J Surfact & Detergents

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“…A schematic demonstration for the water interface: a microstructure of microemulsion without KI; b microstructure of microemulsion with KI. The internal domain represents the water content researchers who described similar conductivity behavior in w/ o microemulsion systems (40).…”

Section: Conductivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of W/O Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery of Iodide Ions

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The objective of this study was to develop a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion which can be utilized as a transdermal delivery for iodide ions. Several w/o microemulsion formulations were prepared utilizing Span 20, ethanol, Capryol 90®, and water. The selected formulations had 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and a maximum of 23% w/w water content. Potassium iodide (KI) was incorporated in all formulations at 5%w/v. Physicochemical characterizations were conducted to evaluate the structure and stability. These studies included: mean droplet size, pH, viscosity, conductivity, and chemical stability tests. In vitro human skin permeation studies were conducted to evaluate the diffusion of the iodide ion through human skin. The w/o microemulsion formulations were stable and compatible with iodide ions with water content ranging from 5% to 23% w/w. The addition of KI influenced the physicochemical properties of microemulsion as compared to blank microemulsion formulations. In vitro human skin permeation studies indicated that selected formulations improved iodide ion diffusion significantly as compared to control (KI solution; P value<0.05). Iodide ions were entrapped within the aqueous core of w/o microemulsion. Span 20, ethanol and Capryol 90 protected the iodide ions against oxidation and formed a stable microemulsion. It is worth to note that according to Hofmeister series, iodide ions tend to lower the interfacial tension between water and oil and consequently enhance overall stability. This work illustrates that microemulsion system can be utilized as a vehicle for the transdermal administration of iodide.

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“…This type of techniques is consisted of three different methods: a) freeze fracture electron microscopy (FFEM) (Jahn & Strey, 1988, Burauer et al, 2003, b) Cryo-Direct Imaging (Cryo-DI) (Talmon, 1999, BernheinGrosswasser et al, 1999 and c) freeze-fracture direct imaging (FFDI) (Belkoura et al, 2004). The first of these techniques was introduced by Jahn and Strey in 1988 (FFEM) (Jahn & Strey, 1988, Jian et al, 2001). Development of these techniques along with the other www.intechopen.com techniques helped the scientists in well understanding of microstructure of microemulsions.…”

Section: Techniques For Investigation Of Microemulsions Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Microemulsions - A Brief Introduction

Najjar¹

2012

Microemulsions - An Introduction to Properties and Applications

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A study of the microstructure of CTAB/1-butanol/octane/water system by PGSE-NMR, conductivity and cryo-TEM

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Phase inversion temperatures of triton X‐100/1‐butanol/hydrocarbon/water systems

Phase inversion temperatures of triton X‐100/1‐butanol/hydrocarbon/water systems

Development of W/O Microemulsion for Transdermal Delivery of Iodide Ions

Microemulsions - A Brief Introduction

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