A study of the photopolymerization kinetics of methyl methacrylate using novel benzophenone initiators

Abstract

A series of novel bifunctional photoinitiators with benzophenone moieties were synthesized. Characterization of these molecules was performed using IR, UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate, a model acrylate‐type monomer, was carried out with the bifunctional benzophenone molecules functioning as the photoinitiator and triethylamine as the co‐initiator. The progress of the polymerization was followed by dilatometry. The resulting plots of monomer conversion with time were used to evaluate the initial rates of polymerization. The relative enhancement/lowering of the rates of polymerization, with respect to benzophenone as the model photoinitiator, are interpreted in terms of the structure, and the photophysics of the initiator evaluated by nanosecond laser flash photolysis.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry

Novel benzoxazine resins as photoinitiator comprising benzophenone and coinitiator amine for photopolymerization

“…Only Yagci23 groups have investigated the photo‐initiated behaviors based on the intermolecular reaction between thioxanthone as photo‐initiator and benzoxazine as hydrogen donors. Through introducing the photoinitiator chromophore (benzophenone,24−28 hydrogen abstracting type) unit into the benzoxazine structure, we have successfully synthesized novel kind of benzoxazine resins, which could be acted as an efficient photo‐initiator. In the structure of this kind of benzoxazine resin, both photo initiator‐benzophenone29,30 and coinitiator amine31,32 are incorporated into the same benzoxazine chain and its mechanism of the photoinitiation is illustrated in Scheme .…”

Synthesis and characterization of dual‐functionalized laponite clay for acrylic nanocomposites

“…For example, photo-polymerizations initiated with an aromatic ketone show a synergistic effect of photosensitizer and photocoinitiator (in many cases, an electron rich species such as a trialkylamine). 22 Similarly, ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) uses a combination of labile halide and metal ligand complex. 23 Combinations of both required functional groups in one clay sheet may provide synergism in applications ranging from nanoreactors to multifunctional nanomaterials and clay-enhanced polymer blends and mixtures.…”

Amphiphilic polymeric Michler's ketone (MK) photoinitiators (APMKs) containing PEO chain and coinitiator amine

“…Compared with low‐molecular weight analogs, polymeric photoinitiators have obtained much attention recently due to several advantages, such as low odor, nontoxicity, and compatibility, improved with formulation components 6–13. Due to the low cost, most of the polymeric photoinitiators are based on benzophenone (BP) and its derivates, which can initiate the polymerization of vinyl monomers in the presence of coinitiator amine such as triethylamine and methyldiethanolamine 14–17. As an important derivate of BP, Michler's ketone (MK) is widely used in many fields because of excellent performance of UV absorption 18–23.…”