A Study of the Pressley Cotton Fiber Strength Tester

Williams, Simon; Painter, Elisabeth

doi:10.1177/004051754501501104

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The increase in strength with an increase in bundle width is in direct contrast with the results obtained on the Pressley tester by Shepherd [ 13] and later by Williams and Painter [11].…”

Section: E Ff Ect Of F Bundle Geometrycontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…The indicated trends become of increased interest when compared with corresponding phases of the Pressley test as described recently by Williams and Painter in this JOURNAL [11].…”

supporting

confidence: 52%

“…However, the method has proved satisfactory in this laboratory for both routine and research purposes. During the time that it has been used, many experiments have been made to appraise it.The work reported here does not represent an exhaustive exploration of the method, but it has been sufficient to indicate the apparent relative influence of some of the variables on the strength of the fibers.The indicated trends become of increased interest when compared with corresponding phases of the Pressley test as described recently by Williams and Painter in this JOURNAL [11].Although the method used at the Kendall Mills Laboratories conforms in general with the methods reported by others [7, 8, 9, 10~ , there have developed enough differences in technique to make a description of the test desirable. A feature of the method is the use of a reference cotton to which all test results are related.…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Grimes [8] has reported an average coefficient of 5.8 percent. Williams and Painter [11] ] show data which indicate that the coefficient of variation of the Pressley test, which measures a flat but untaped bundle, may range from 2.9 to 6.9 percent.…”

Section: Precision Of the Flat Taped Bundle Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Cotton Fiber Strength by the Flat Taped Bundle Method

Barnes

Elting

1946

Textile Research Journal

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The flat taped bundle test as applied to the measurement of the strength of cotton fibers has been modified during the course of several years. The method has proved satisfactory for both routine and research purposes. The techniques and apparatus are described in detail. Some causes of error and factors other than the fiber strength which introduce variations in test results have been investigated and are discussed. The effects of varying bundle width and weight) direction of fibers, jaw pressure and separation, humidity, and type of tape used have been studied. The observed precision of test results and their statistical reliability are presented. A calibration method is described which greatly reduces the effects of several operators. THE increasingly widespread application of fiber tests by breeders and users of cotton endows the subject of fiber strength measurement with considerable practical significance.Fibers may be measured singly or in bundles. The techniques for measuring the strength of single fibers have been thoroughly covered by several writers [1, 2, 3] . Three techniques have been developed. using bundles of fibers. These are the round wrapped, or modified Chandler bundle [4,5 ] , the flat untaped bundle developed by Pressley [6], and the flat taped bundle [7,8,9,10]. This paper deals with the flat taped bundle method of measuring fiber strength as applied to cotton.The method is not widely used in this application although it is specified as a standard strength test for staple rayon fibers by the A.S.T.M. Committee D-13 [10]. However, the method has proved satisfactory in this laboratory for both routine and research purposes. During the time that it has been used, many experiments have been made to appraise it.The work reported here does not represent an exhaustive exploration of the method, but it has been sufficient to indicate the apparent relative influence of some of the variables on the strength of the fibers.The indicated trends become of increased interest when compared with corresponding phases of the Pressley test as described recently by Williams and Painter in this JOURNAL [11].Although the method used at the Kendall Mills Laboratories conforms in general with the methods reported by others [7, 8, 9, 10~ , there have developed enough differences in technique to make a description of the test desirable. A feature of the method is the use of a reference cotton to which all test results are related. By this means results obtained by different operators are in effect calibrated, and diff erences between them are eliminated.

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“…The increase in strength with an increase in bundle width is in direct contrast with the results obtained on the Pressley tester by Shepherd [ 13] and later by Williams and Painter [11].…”

Section: E Ff Ect Of F Bundle Geometrycontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…The indicated trends become of increased interest when compared with corresponding phases of the Pressley test as described recently by Williams and Painter in this JOURNAL [11].…”

supporting

confidence: 52%

mentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Precision Of the Flat Taped Bundle Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Cotton Fiber Strength by the Flat Taped Bundle Method

Barnes

Elting

1946

Textile Research Journal

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“…Another motivation for improving single fibre testing is in the field of new fibres: Due to the complexity of single fibre testing and the lack of accuracy in determining Young's modulus of single fibres with common procedures, fibre bundle testing is used as an alternative despite the disadvantages of this testing procedure. Considered from the historical point of view, bundle testing methods have evolved from textile testing [4][5][6][7][8][9], particularly cotton, but the transferability to high-strength fibres such as carbon and glass fibres should not be taken for granted. Bundle testing lacks an accurate way to determine the correct cross sectional area of all the fibres forming the bundle due to the spacing between the fibres.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An enhanced method to determine the Young’s modulus of technical single fibres by means of high resolution digital image correlation

Huether

Rupp

Kohlschreiber

et al. 2018

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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To obtain mechanical tensile properties of materials it is customary to equip the specimen directly with a device to measure strain and Young’s modulus correctly and only within the measuring length defined by the standards. Whereas a variety of tools such as extensometers, strain gauges and optical systems are available for specimens on coupon level, no market-ready tools to measure strains of single fibres during single fibre tensile tests are available. Although there is a standard for single fibre testing, the procedures described there are only capable of measuring strains of the whole testing setup rather than the strain of the fibre. Without a direct strain measurement on the specimen, the compliance of the test rig itself influences the determination of the Young’s modulus. This work aims to fill this gap by establishing an enhanced method to measure strains directly on the tested fibre and thus provide accurate values for Young’s modulus. It is demonstrated that by applying and then optically tracking fluorescing polymeric beads on single glass fibres, Young’s modulus is determined directly and with high repeatability, without a need to measure at different measuring lengths or compensating for the system compliance. Employing this method to glass fibres, a Young’s modulus of approximately 82.5 GPa was determined, which is in the range of values obtained by applying a conventional procedure. This enhanced measuring technology achieves high accuracy and repeatability while reducing scatter of the data. It was demonstrated that the fluorescing beads do not affect the fibre properties.

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Enhanced strain and stiffness evaluation of virgin and recycled single carbon fibres by means of one-dimensional digital image correlation

Huether

Esse

Rupp

et al. 2019

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The Young's modulus of single carbon fibres, virgin and recycled, is investigated in this study. Single fibre measurements are enhanced in two fields: firstly, the cross-sectional area is calculated by taking individual measurements with a laser diffraction sensor and applying a sinusoidal fit to account for irregular fibre shapes. Secondly, strains during the loading cycle are measured directly by applying fluorescing tracking markers on the fibre and using one-dimensional digital image correlation. Several markers are applied on each side of the fibre to allow for a statistically verified evaluation. To achieve high-resolution images, a step-wise load cycle is applied. The load is increased in steps of 250 MPa until final failure. It is demonstrated that direct strain measurement and enhanced determination of the Young's modulus are possible for carbon fibres. It was further shown that the recycling of the carbon fibre by pyrolysis reduced the Young's modulus by approximately 10% compared to virgin fibres.

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A Study of the Pressley Cotton Fiber Strength Tester

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Measurement of Cotton Fiber Strength by the Flat Taped Bundle Method

Measurement of Cotton Fiber Strength by the Flat Taped Bundle Method

An enhanced method to determine the Young’s modulus of technical single fibres by means of high resolution digital image correlation

Enhanced strain and stiffness evaluation of virgin and recycled single carbon fibres by means of one-dimensional digital image correlation

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