A study of thyroid function in premenopausal and postmenopausal women of Dibrugarh town, Assam, India

Bordoloi, Gitartha; Jahan, Wasima

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20183636

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In a study by Bordoloi et al, the correlation was not significant in both the groups. 8 Comparison of thyroid status had shown higher hypo and hyperthyroid cases in post-menopausal women when compared to pre-menopausal women which was statistically not significant. Garg et al observed that, about 21% of the post-menopausal women had subclinical hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Study of thyroid profile in pre and post-menopausal women: a case control study

2021

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Background:The prevalence and incidence of thyroid disorders is influenced primarily by sex and age are more common in women and in older adults. Thyroid disorders if left untreated will increase risk of cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. Hence, screening for thyroid dysfunction must be done as routine investigation in the women presenting with menopausal symptoms.Methods:This case control study includes 50 pre-menopausal women of age group 34-49 years and 50 post-menopausal women of age group 50-55 years, visiting General medicine department of Victoria hospital and hospital affiliated to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute. All the subjects were subjected for serum triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3 and T4 levels.Results:Out of all subjects; 23 were hyperthyroid out of which 14 were post-menopausal women, 37 were hypothyroid out of which 19 were post-menopausal women. Chi-square test showed no significant association. Negative and weak correlation was seen between total T3 and age; total T4 and age; TSH and age; free T3 and age; free T4 and age in pre-menopausal women. Negative and moderate correlation was seen between total T3 and age; total T4 and age; free T3 and age. There was a positive and weak correlation seen between TSH and age; weak positive non-significant correlation seen between free T4 and age. Significant correlation was seen between total T3 and age in post-menopausal women.Conclusions:Post-menopausal women should be monitored for serum T3, T4, TSH levels for reducing risk of thyroid dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A study by Bordoloi et al had shown that, the post-menopausal women had significantly higher TSH levels than premenopausal women. 8 A study by Kolanu et al had reported that, the mean TSH and T 4 were higher and T 3 was lower in post-menopausal women than the pre-menopausal women. 1 Patwa et al also observed similar results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Study of thyroid profile in pre and post-menopausal women: a case control study

2021

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“…252) before the data collection. Females with history of menopause was ≥49 years and wherever clinical data was not available, we considered this age cut off as post menopause based on a recent study 8 done in Nepal wherein the age for menopause was given to be 48.7 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 , 2 Many authors have reviewed that the thyroid dysfunction prevalence among the elderly people is rising, especially in the postmenopausal women 3 - 6 A study from Nepal 7 have shown that females >40 years were more prone to develop thyroid dysfunction. In India 8 the prevalence of thyroid disorders is more common in postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Thyroid Disorder among the Thyroid Function Test Samples Received in a Laboratory among Postmenopausal Women: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Shrestha

2021

J Nepal Med Assoc

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Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction prevalence is high in females worldwide which increases with age. Postmenopausal and elderly women are particularly at risk of developing comorbidities and mortality related to thyroid dysfunction. We aimed to study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in postmenopausal women in the National Reference Laboratory of Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in National Reference Laboratory from January 2019 to June 2019 including postmenopausal females, ≥49 years. The database of thyroid function test result was used for statistical analysis and proportion of thyroid dysfunction was calculated. The data was collected after approval from the institutional review committee. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 was used to study descriptive data. Results: Out of a total of 160 postmenopausal females with thyroid function tests, 71 (44.4%) had thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the frequently occurring thyroid dysfunction 51 (32%) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism 13 (8%), hypothyroidism 3 (2%) and hyperthyroidism 3 (2%). In our study population, thyroid dysfunction peaked at 49 to 58 years of age interval 53 (33.1%) and subclinical hypothyroidism was the most frequent form 38 (23.7%). Conclusions: Subclinical hypothyroidism was the common thyroid dysfunction in postmenopausal age which peaked at 49 to 58 years of age group. Early postmenopausal females are predisposed to increased risk of comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis with high fracture, depression) which could be exacerbated with thyroid dysfunction; therefore awareness of thyroid dysfunction prevalence and thyroid screening for early management seems appropriate in Nepalese postmenopausal women.

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“…Of note, oestrogen, the primary female sex hormone suppresses IFNγ [145]. In menopause oestrogen levels decrease, as oestrogen decrease IFNγ expression increases, which elucidates why the incidence of hypothyroidism increases significantly in postmenopausal women [188,189,190,191]. However, it is important to note that serum F levels have also been shown to increase significantly in women post menopause [192,193,194].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Fluoride Inhibition Of Iodine Hommentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Exposure Induces Inhibition of Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS) Contributing to Impaired Iodine Absorption and Iodine Deficiency: Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition and Implications for Public Health

Waugh¹

2019

IJERPH

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The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is the plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates active iodide transport in the thyroid and other tissues, such as the salivary, gastric mucosa, rectal mucosa, bronchial mucosa, placenta and mammary glands. In the thyroid, NIS mediates the uptake and accumulation of iodine and its activity is crucial for the development of the central nervous system and disease prevention. Since the discovery of NIS in 1996, research has further shown that NIS functionality and iodine transport is dependent on the activity of the sodium potassium activated adenosine 5′-triphosphatase pump (Na+, K+-ATPase). In this article, I review the molecular mechanisms by which F inhibits NIS expression and functionality which in turn contributes to impaired iodide absorption, diminished iodide-concentrating ability and iodine deficiency disorders. I discuss how NIS expression and activity is inhibited by thyroglobulin (Tg), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and how fluoride upregulates expression and activity of these biomarkers. I further describe the crucial role of prolactin and megalin in regulation of NIS expression and iodine homeostasis and the effect of fluoride in down regulating prolactin and megalin expression. Among many other issues, I discuss the potential conflict between public health policies such as water fluoridation and its contribution to iodine deficiency, neurodevelopmental and pathological disorders. Further studies are warranted to examine these associations.

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A study of thyroid function in premenopausal and postmenopausal women of Dibrugarh town, Assam, India

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Study of thyroid profile in pre and post-menopausal women: a case control study

Study of thyroid profile in pre and post-menopausal women: a case control study

Status of Thyroid Disorder among the Thyroid Function Test Samples Received in a Laboratory among Postmenopausal Women: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Fluoride Exposure Induces Inhibition of Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS) Contributing to Impaired Iodine Absorption and Iodine Deficiency: Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition and Implications for Public Health

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