A Study of Visual Hallucinations in Alzheimer's Disease

Holroyd, Suzanne; Sheldon-Keller, Adrienne

doi:10.1097/00019442-199522330-00003

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Despite this, many such patients have not had a recent assessment of their vision. The ®ndings are consistent with the previously reported association (Holroyd and Sheldon-Keller, 1995;Chapman et al, 1999) between low visual acuity and visual hallucinosis in this clinical population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The possibility of an independent relationship between hallucinosis and visual agnosia has also been suggested (Holroyd and Sheldon-Keller, 1995). The association seen between visual hallucinosis and disturbed behaviour echoes the ®ndings of other authors (Aarsland et al, 1996) and it is interesting to speculate as to whether low vision and a consequently increased propensity for misreading of the visual environment may be a common causal factor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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An investigation of visual hallucinosis and visual sensory status in dementia

Murgatroyd

Prettyman

2001

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

An investigation of visual hallucinosis and visual sensory status in dementia

Murgatroyd

Prettyman

2001

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…Descriptions of visual hallucinations (VH) were derived from clinical interviews with the patients and their caregivers [26]. Patients with VH had to have experienced VH at least several times previously, irrespective of the relation of VH to medication.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory dysfunction and cardiovascular dysautonomia in Parkinson’s disease

Oka¹,

Toyoda²,

Yogo³

et al. 2010

J Neurol

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Several studies have reported that olfactory dysfunction is an early neuropathological manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD). Reduced cardiac meta-iodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) uptake may be one of the earliest signs of PD. We studied the relation of olfactory dysfunction to cardiovascular dysautonomia in patients with PD. The study group comprised 66 patients with PD (70.5 years) and 26 controls (70.3 years) for olfactory assessment, 21 controls (72.1 years) for cardiac (123)I-MIBG scintigraphy and heart rate variability (HRV), assessed using the coefficient of variation for RR intervals (HRV), and 23 controls (69.2 years) for orthostatic blood pressure response. Olfactory function was assessed by the odor stick identification test Japan (OSIT-J), and cardiovascular autonomic function was evaluated by (123)I-MIBG scintigraphy of the heart, the fall in orthostatic blood pressure, and HRV. Patients with PD had a significantly lower OSIT-J score than did the controls (4.1 +/- 3.0 vs. 9.9 +/- 1.7, p = 0.001). The OSIT-J score was unrelated to variables other than gender, including age, disease duration, motor score on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale, score on the mini-mental state examination, motor phenotype, visual hallucinations, and dopaminergic medication on multiple regression and logistic regression analyses. The OSIT-J score was related to the heart/mediastinum ratio of cardiac (123)I-MIBG uptake, the fall in orthostatic blood pressure, and HRV, after adjustment for other clinical variables. Olfactory dysfunction in PD was, thus, significantly related to both cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction, as well as vascular sympathetic dysfunction. As non-motor symptoms of PD, olfactory dysfunction and autonomic network failure appear to be closely related in PD.

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“…As previously stated, the absence of cognitive impairment is sometimes included in the de fi nition of CBS. However, in patients with cognitive impairment, during the course of Alzheimer's disease for example, coincident eye disease is a risk factor for visual hallucinations (Holroyd and Sheldon-Keller 1995 ) .…”

Section: Charles Bonnet Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abnormal sensory processing in the visual cortices (Holroyd and Sheldon-Keller 1995 ) , together with altered top-down modulation of visual perception, may be involved. There is also growing evidence that psychosis (including hallucinations) in Alzheimer's disease aggregates within families, suggesting that unidenti fi ed genetic factors may be involved (DeMichelle-Sweet and Sweet 2010 ) .…”

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Hallucinations Associated with Neurological Disorders and Sensory Loss

Fénelon

2012

The Neuroscience of Hallucinations

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Hallucinations occur in a great variety of neurological conditions and are facilitated by sensory loss. The common end pathway of their pathophysiology involves the activation of cortical sensory areas implicated in normal sensory processing. Based on the presumed pathophysiology, we here classify the hallucinations in four main groups. In migraine aura and epilepsy, hallucinations result from spontaneous intrinsic overactivity in hyperexcitable sensory cortical areas. Deafferentation, i.e. the loss or impairment of sensory input, facilitates hallucinations in the corresponding sensory modality, probably by leading to chronic hyperexcitability of the corresponding cortical areas. The archetypal example of this mechanism is the Charles Bonnet syndrome, where hallucinations are associated with visual impairment. A third mechanism relies on the dissociation of dream and sleep mechanism, as illustrated by hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations. Finally, in the course of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, hallucinations are frequent and probably result from a combination of factors, including dysfunction of both bottomup sensory processing and top-down modulatory mechanisms, as well as dream intrusion phenomena and facilitating pharmacological factors.

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A Study of Visual Hallucinations in Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 59 publications

References 20 publications

An investigation of visual hallucinosis and visual sensory status in dementia

An investigation of visual hallucinosis and visual sensory status in dementia

Olfactory dysfunction and cardiovascular dysautonomia in Parkinson’s disease

Hallucinations Associated with Neurological Disorders and Sensory Loss

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