A study of visual perception

Kwon, Joung Huem; Chalmers, Alan; Czanner, Silvester; Czanner, Gabriela; Powell, John

doi:10.1145/1980462.1980495

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Apparently, a negative interviewer can cause more SCR-embodied anxiety, interviewer-rated anxiety, less eye contact, and worse performances. Joung Huem Kwon's finding considered that anxiety level was affected more by the attitude of the virtual interviewer than its level of realism (Kwon et al 2009), whereas our findings do not support that the attitude's impact necessarily outweighed the level of realism. Joung Huem Kwon's experiment only focused on virtual humans and did not include a real human interviewer.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…In our experiment, instead of using appearance, we employed body language and verbal feedback to differentiate interviewer attitudes. A previous study discovered that the participants exhibited more anxiety by the attitude of virtual avatars than the avatar's level of realism (Kwon et al 2009). We designed two types of interviewers with positive and negative attitudes.…”

Section: Orthogonal Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is regarded as the most effective in representing workload when compared to other subjective workload scales (Hill et al 1992). Physiological indicators of anxiety and nervousness encompass gaze fixation and eye-blink rate captured by an eye tracker (Kwon et al 2009(Kwon et al , 2013, Electrodermal activity, which becomes measurable during emotional activation, heightened cognitive load, or physical exertion (Greco et al 2016), is also employed. Additional physiological markers include heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), electroencephalogram (EEG), and cortisol sampling (Roos et al 2021).…”

Section: Interview Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virtual reality training systems have demonstrated significant effects on individuals' anxiety levels, overall experiences, and performance in various scenarios. Regarding anxiety, previous studies have found that visual display (Kwon et al 2013), interview questions (Hartwell et al 2019), interviewer's attitude (Kwon et al 2009), timing (Schwartz et al 2015), and preparation (Gantt 2013) could potentially affect interviewee's anxiety. In addition to feelings of anxiety, the impact of virtual reality on overall experience (e.g., discomfort, eyestrain, and psychosocial stress) has also been reported.…”

Section: Virtual Reality Interview Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have found that visual display (Kwon et al 2013), interview questions (Hartwell et al 2019), interviewer's attitude (Kwon et al 2009), timing (Schwartz et al 2015), and preparation (Gantt 2013) could all potentially influence interviewees' behavior. Nevertheless, most studies today validate and evaluate an entire product without examining the multiple factors separately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using a virtual reality interview simulator to explore factors influencing people’s behavior

Luo,

Wang,

Lee

et al. 2024

Virtual Reality

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Virtual reality interview simulator (VRIS) is an effective and valid tool that uses virtual reality technology to train people’s interview skills. Typically, it offers candidates prone to being very nervous during interviews the opportunity to practice interviews in a safe and manageable virtual environment and realistic settings, providing real-time feedback from a virtual interviewer on their performance. It helps interviewees improve their skills, reduce their fears, gain confidence, and minimize the cost and time associated with traditional interview preparation. Yet, the major anxiety-inducing elements remain unknown. During an interview, the anxiety levels, overall experience, and performance of interviewees might be affected by various circumstances. By analyzing electrodermal activity and questionnaire, we investigated the influence of five variables: (I) Realism; (II) Question type; (III) Interviewer attitude; (IV) Timing; and (V) Preparation. As such, an orthogonal design $$L_8(4^1 \times 2^4)$$ L 8 ( 4 1 × 2 4 ) with eight experiments ($$O A_8$$ O A 8 matrix) was implemented, in which 19 college students took part in the experiments. Considering the anxiety, overall experience, and performance of the interviewees, we found that Question type plays a major role; secondly, Realism, Preparation, and Interviewer attitude all have middle influence; lastly, Timing has little to no impact. Specifically, professional interview questions elicited a greater degree of anxiety than personal ones among the categories of interview questions. This work contributes to our understanding of anxiety-stimulating factors during job interviews in virtual reality and provides cues for designing future VRIS.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Section: Orthogonal Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interview Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virtual Reality Interview Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Using a virtual reality interview simulator to explore factors influencing people’s behavior

Luo,

Wang,

Lee

et al. 2024

Virtual Reality

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Virtual Reality Exposure Treatment in Phobias: a Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Conversations with a virtual human: Synthetic emotions and human responses

Brinkman

Ling

et al. 2014

Computers in Human Behavior

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To test whether synthetic emotions expressed by a virtual human elicit positive or negative emotions in a human conversation partner and affect satisfaction towards the conversation, an experiment was conducted where the emotions of a virtual human were manipulated during both the listening and speaking phase of the dialogue. Twenty-four participants were recruited and were asked to have a real conversation with the virtual human on six different topics. For each topic the virtual human's emotions in the listening and speaking phase were different, including positive, neutral and negative emotions. The results support our hypotheses that (1) negative compared to positive synthetic emotions expressed by a virtual human can elicit a more negative emotional state in a human conversation partner, (2) synthetic emotions expressed in the speaking phase have more impact on a human conversation partner than emotions expressed in the listening phase, (3) humans with less speaking confidence also experience a conversation with a virtual human as less positive, and (4) random positive or negative emotions of a virtual human have a negative effect on the satisfaction with the conversation. These findings have practical implications for the treatment of social anxiety as they allow therapists to control the anxiety evoking stimuli, i.e. the expressed emotion of a virtual human in a virtual reality exposure environment of a simulated conversation. In addition, these findings may be useful to other virtual applications that include conversations with a virtual human.

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A study of visual perception

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Using a virtual reality interview simulator to explore factors influencing people’s behavior

Using a virtual reality interview simulator to explore factors influencing people’s behavior

Virtual Reality Exposure Treatment in Phobias: a Systematic Review

Conversations with a virtual human: Synthetic emotions and human responses

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