A Study of Visual Perception in Fish, Especially on Resolving Power and Accommodation

Tamura, Tamotsu

doi:10.2331/suisan.22.536

Cited by 129 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…If the optical field were 190' or iess, in keeping with the results of Tamura (1957), Trevarthen (l968), and this report; and if the retinal field were 195' as stated by Charman and Tucker (1973): and if the two fields were coaxial: then there would be an annular zone, 2.5-7.5 wide, around the margin of the retina. shadowed from image-forming rays.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…We do not believe that a~o~odation accounted for the variability of lens position that we have observed, since all of the fish were deeply anesthetized prior to enucleation and accommodation should V.H. 17/3-r therefore have been relaxed (Tamura, 1957). The possibility that lens displacements were produced as an artifact of the freezing process cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…1952), 195" (Charman andTucker, 19731, 190' (Trevarthen, 1968), and 18@' (Tamura, 1957;Walls, 1963). Tamura, Walls and Trevarthen assert their values of the optical field with no statement of how they measured it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth of the adult goldfish eye—I: Optics

Easter¹,

Johns²,

Baumann

1977

Vision Research

113

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Abstract---We have measured the optical and retinal fields of goldfish eyes; the animals ranged from 6 to 20 cm in body length. Both fields are spherically symmetric, invariant with the size of the eye, and equal (retinal field = 185.3" _t 4.1', optical field = 183.6" f 2.7", means rt SD.). They are tilted with respect to one another by a few f < 10) degrees. We have also measured the retinal magnification factor, the number of p per degree on the retinal surface. It is 20.5 x lens diameter, where lens diameter is expressed in mm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Growth of the adult goldfish eye—I: Optics

Easter¹,

Johns²,

Baumann

1977

Vision Research

113

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“…The estimate of spatial resolving power (1.7 cycles0deg) and minimum separable angle (34 ' 7 '' ), based on photoreceptor spacing, is lower than in teleosts such as the white crappie Pomoxis annularis (7 ' 0 '' , Browman et al, 1990), the convict fish Microcanthus strigatus (3 ' 36 '' , Yamanouchi, 1956;Nakamura, 1968), the bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus (2 ' 42 '' , Williamson & Keast, 1988), the cichlid Haplochromis argens (11 ' , van der Meer, 1995), and a range of marine species examined by Tamura (1957) who found acuities from 4 ' 12 '' to 15 ' 24 '' . Considering that there is often an appreciable convergence of information onto the output or ganglion cells and that behavioral acuity is constrained by their spacing (Collin & Pettigrew, 1989), the spatial resolution of M. mordax may be even less.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution Of Photoreceptors and Spatial Resolvingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Vision in the southern hemisphere lampreyMordacia mordax: Spatial distribution, spectral absorption characteristics, and optical sensitivity of a single class of retinal photoreceptor

et al. 2004

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The dorso-laterally located eyes of the southern hemisphere lamprey Mordacia mordax (Agnatha) contain a single morphological type of retinal photoreceptor, which possesses ultrastructural characteristics of both rods and cones. This photoreceptor has a large refractile ellipsosome in the inner segment and a long cylindrical outer segment surrounded by a retinal pigment epithelium that contains two types of tapetal reflectors. The photoreceptors form a hexagonal array and attain their peak density (33,200 receptors0mm 2 ) in the ventro-temporal retina. Using the size and spacing of the photoreceptors and direct measures of aperture size and eye dimensions, the peak spatial resolving power and optical sensitivity are estimated to be 1.7 cycles deg Ϫ1 (minimum separable angle of 34 ' 7 '' ) and 0.64 mm 2 steradian (white light) and 1.38 mm 2 steradian (preferred wavelength or l max ), respectively. Microspectrophotometry reveals that the visual pigment located within the outer segment is a rhodopsin with a wavelength of maximum absorbance (l max ) at 514 nm. The ellipsosome has very low absorptance (Ͻ0.05) across the measured spectrum (350-750 nm) and probably does not act as a spectral filter. In contrast to all other lampreys studied, the optimized receptor packing, the large width of the ellipsosome-bearing inner segment, together with the presence of a retinal tapetum in the photophobic Mordacia, all represent adaptations for low light vision and optimizing photon capture.

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“…to that of copepods for each size class the prey (Tamura, 1957;Tamura and Wisby, 1963; physical properties of fish vision. D,, for any prey size Lythgoe, 1966;Hester, 1968).…”

Section: Grazing Rates and Efficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophodynamics of the Fish Valenciennellus tripunctulatus. II. Selectivity, Grazlng Rates and Resource Utilization

Baird¹,

Hopkins²

1981

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Various patterns of resource utilization in the feeding strategy of Valenciennellus tripunctulatus, a small mesopelagic fish of tropical-subtropical oceans, were explored. Ivlev electivity indices suggest that copepods in general and the genus Pleuromamma in particular are being actively selected. Prey-size selection was apparent and strong negative indices were calculated for all plankton smaller than 1 mm. Non-crustacean prey in all size classes also gave negative indices. Strong positive indices were indicated for prey size classes greater than 2 mm. A model was developed to estimate grazing rates and efficiencies which is linearly influenced by swimming speed and plankton abundance, but exponentially affected by predator perception distances. Grazing efficiencies (i.e. prey ingested/prey encountered) for individual fish based on the model are relatively high (> 45 % ) for copepods in the 2-5 mm size classes. Daily grazing pressure by the V. tripunctulatus population on copepod resources was low (< 9 %) for prey size classes < 3 mm, but were as high as 4 3 % for copepods in the 3-5 mm size range. Predation impact on members of the genus Pleurornarnrna, larger than 4 mm, approached 100 % in zones of highest predator density. The model suggests that V. tripunctulatusmust have a sparse and nonaggregated distribution, and search considerable volumes of water each day to obtain its daily ration. While the impact of V. tripunctulatus alone on the prey resource field is not great, it apparently time-space shares common food resources w~t h a broad array of zooplanktivorous predators in the mesopelagic environment.

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A Study of Visual Perception in Fish, Especially on Resolving Power and Accommodation

Cited by 129 publications

References 13 publications

Growth of the adult goldfish eye—I: Optics

Growth of the adult goldfish eye—I: Optics

Vision in the southern hemisphere lampreyMordacia mordax: Spatial distribution, spectral absorption characteristics, and optical sensitivity of a single class of retinal photoreceptor

Trophodynamics of the Fish Valenciennellus tripunctulatus. II. Selectivity, Grazlng Rates and Resource Utilization

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