A Study on Antimicrobial Sensitivity and Cost Analysis of Antibiotics in Pediatric Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Abstract

Objectives: (1) To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in pediatrics, (2) to identify the pattern of empirical antibiotic usage, (3) to determine the cost analysis of generic antibiotic usage pattern, (4) to assess the different dosage forms of antibiotics.Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out. The study population included the medical records of children aged day 1-15 years with bacterial infection who got admitted in the pediatric department of the hospital. The average cost for each generic dosage form of antibiotic was calculated.Result: Among the 176 cases taken for the study, sepsis (35.8%) was found to be the most common disease. Bacterial infection showed gender predominance in males (62.5%) and occurrence of sepsis was highly found in age groups of 0-1 years (55.68%). Among the 14 causative organisms, methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (61.93%) was predominant in Gram-positive and Escherichia coli (38.06%) for Gram-negative. Highly prescribed drug for empirical therapy was considered to be amikacin (39.20%). Widely prescribed antibiotics were amikacin (21%), ceftriaxone (15.1%), ampicillin (12.34%) and meropenem (9.57%), among which meropenem was found to be of high cost. Conclusion:It should be taken care that the drug should be given not only based on the sensitivity pattern but can also consider the economic affordability of the patient, with reference to existing brands from the formulary. This would help in reducing the burden of health-care cost for the patients.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Ceftriaxone Generic and Patent in Children With Typhoid

“…Analysis of CER of the generic and patent ceftriaxone groups based on treatment class showed that CER of the generic ceftriaxone group was lower than that of the patent ceftriaxone in all treatment classes. However, CER calculation alone was not adequate to identify the more cost-effective group [7][8][9][10]. Medication alternative position in effectiveness and cost table was determined to confirm the effectiveness and cost of the medications.…”

Test

“…3. Traditional susceptibility testing takes 18-24 hours to complete; however, more fast assays are becoming available, with indings in as little as 24 hours [5,6].…”

A Retrospective Study on Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Detected Bacteria

“…Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents are enzyme inactivation, altered receptors, and altered antibiotic transport. 1,5,6 Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common human pathogens with ability to cause a wide range of infections. On an average 20-40% of the adults are carriers of S. aureus in the anterior nares.…”