A study on combustion of oil palm empty fruit bunch in a fluidized bed using alternative bed materials: Performance, emissions, and time-domain changes in the bed condition

Ninduangdee, Pichet; Kuprianov, Vladimir I.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.063

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Biomass residues from crops, such as corn stalks, corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, OPF, EFB, cotton straw, rice straw, rice husks, and wheat straw, also represent feedstock options for LA production . EFB and other palm culture residues are an interesting source of biomass that could be used in countries in SEA and Latin America . For instance, investigators evaluated the use of an ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide) as a catalyst for the production of LA from palm culture residue.…”

Section: La Production Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[84] EFB and other palm culturer esidues are an interesting source of biomass that could be used in countries in SEA and Latin America. [85,86] Fori nstance, investigators evaluated the use of an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide)a sacatalyst for the production of LA from palm culture residue.T hey compared the direct conversion of biomass to LA over Fe/HY zeolite to as tepwise process in which the biomass is hydrolyzed beforehand with the ionic liquid. Forp rocesses with EFB and OPF,a ss een in Table 1, the yield with ionic liquids was almost twice as high with half of the reaction time; [87] thus proving ap otential application of ionic liquids.H owever, the employment of ionic liquids demands acarefulanalysis of the economic impact re-lated to their use,and the yield improvementmight be aconsequence of the stepwise approach.…”

Section: Palm Culture Residues Andi Onic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[c] corn stover0.465 [148] 0.337 [149] 0.2050.228 0.087 0.143 12.61 [150] 25 cotton straw 0.498 [88] 0.426 [88] 0.2710 .182 0.041 0.080 15.62 [150] 25 EFB 0.455 [151] 0.383 [143] 0.3530 .221 0.016 0.027 14.54 [85] 25 energy cane bagasse 0.467 [151] 0.433 [152] 0.2380 .217 0.008 0.104 10.01 [153] 50 eucalyptus wood 0.529 [154] 0.425 [155] 0.2290 .275 0.002 0.069 12.56 [156] 25 giant reed 0.471 [157] 0.311 [158] 0.3530 .185 0.061 0.090 12.52 [159] 25 giant miscanthus0.484 [160] 0.504 [161] 0.2480 .120 0.027 0.101 12.46 [162] 25 oat hulls 0.460 [154] 0.363 [163] 0.3850 .058 0.054 0.140 12.14 [164] 25 OPF 0.480 [160] 0.304 [143] 0.4040 .217 0.058 0.017 11.12 [165] 25 paper sludge0.490 [166] 0.491 [167] 0.1710 .194 0.102 0.042 7.479 [160] 50 pinewood 0.494 [154] 0.537 [168] 0.0640 .324 0.029 0.046 12.77 [169] 25 rapeseed residue 0.445 [170] 0.440 [171] 0.1780 .192 0.130 0.060 10.01 [160] 50 rice husks 0.388 [157] 0.310 [172] 0.2430 .143 0.217 0.087 12.75 [173] 25 rice straw 0.382 [157] 0.342 [174] 0.2130 .267 0.115 0.063 13.84…”

Section: Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Making Levulinic Acid and Ethyl Levulinate Economically Viable: A Worldwide Technoeconomic and Environmental Assessment of Possible Routes

et al. 2017

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Ethyl levulinate is a diesel additive that has received special attention recently due to its potential for production in large quantities from inexpensive feedstocks. Several processes have been developed for the conversion of biomass into levulinic acid and ethyl levulinate, and an economic analysis of these routes would indicate the main hindering factors of their commercialization. This Review focuses on filling this gap in current knowledge by gathering data from scientific papers and patents to create a simulation to analyze processes by focusing on the production of ethyl levulinate in nine countries or regions across the globe. The key indicator to analyze the economic feasibility of ethyl levulinate production is a comparison of its minimum selling price to the local wholesale price of diesel on an energy basis. Processes simulated in Brazil, China, and India presented promising results with feedstocks such as sugarcane bagasse and rice residues. Also, the integration of ethyl levulinate production into existing ethanol plants is a factor that may improve process economics. Overall, this Review specifies key factors in economic and environmental performances of the processes to indicate research topics that could achieve high impact on industrial‐scale processes once matured.

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Section: La Production Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Palm Culture Residues Andi Onic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Making Levulinic Acid and Ethyl Levulinate Economically Viable: A Worldwide Technoeconomic and Environmental Assessment of Possible Routes

et al. 2017

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“…In the experimental part of this work, co-combustion tests were performed on a fluidized-bed combustor with a cone-shaped bed (referred to as a “conical FBC”), using quartz sand as bed material. Compared to a prismatic/cylindrical fluidized-bed combustor with similar bed material and static bed height, the conical FBC can be operated (i) at lower pressure drop across the bed, (ii) lesser amount of bed material, (iii) shorter start-up time, all leading to lower operating costs of this reactor. , Because of elevated superficial gas velocities in the conical bed, the combustor is generally operated in a turbulent fluidized-bed regime, resulting in significant expansion of the fluidized bed, thus ensuring “in-bed” biomass fuel injection …”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fuel Staging on the NO Emission Reduction during Biomass–Biomass Co-combustion in a Fluidized-Bed Combustor

Sirisomboon

Kuprianov

2016

Energy Fuels

Self Cite

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Fuel-staged co-combustion of sunflower shells (as a base fuel) and coconut coir dust/moisturized rice husk (as a secondary fuel) was studied on a 205 kW th fluidized-bed combustor with bottom air injection. During the experiments, the energy fraction of both secondary fuels in the total heat input to the reactor was varied from 0 to 0.22, while the amount of excess air ranged from ∼20% to ∼80% for each co-firing option. Temperature and gas concentrations (O 2 , CO, C x H y , and NO) were measured along the reactor centerline, as well as at stack, to evaluate the emissions and combustion efficiency of the combustor for the specified operating parameters. The experimental results revealed significant effects of excess air on the combustion and emission characteristics of the reactor, whereas the influence of fuel staging on these characteristics was moderate. An optimization method minimizing "external" costs of the co-firing was used to quantify the optimal energy fractions of the co-fired fuels and optimal amount of excess air. When operated optimally, the combustor can exhibit high (∼99%) combustion efficiency at minimal "external" costs and reduced NO emission (by 25%, as compared to burning sunflower shells on its own), because of the fuel staging.

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“…The ash melting takes place due to the low melting point of components such as K, Na, and S that are present in woody biomass. The melted components start to bind together like glue and cause agglomeration of ash particles in the reactor (Vuthaluru et al, 1999). Bed agglomeration eventually causes de-fluidization which reduces the efficiency and might lead to a total shutdown of the bed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and computational study on the effect of ash deposition on fluid dynamic behavior in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier

Thapa

Jaiswal

et al. 2020

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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The effect of ash deposition on fluid dynamic behavior in a fluidized bed gasification reactor has been studied using experimental and computational methods. The experiments were carried out using sand particles as bed material and air as a fluidizing agent. A 3D computational model has been developed for a bubbling fluidized bed gasification reactor. First, the model was simulated using only sand particles and air. The results are compared with the experimental results. The comparison shows good agreement between the two sets of the results. The model was further used to study the effect of ash accumulation on the fluid dynamic properties of a biomass gasification reactor. The bed material was mixed with 2 and 4vol% of ash and simulated in cold conditions. Pressure drop increases and minimum fluidization velocity decreases with increasing the ash deposition in the bed. The model was also simulated for 2, 4, and 6 vol% of ash at a temperature of 800ºC. The minimum fluidization velocity was decreased in all the cases. The particle species concentration shows the ash particles start to segregate at the minimum fluidization condition and are totally separated at higher velocities. The bubble behavior of the bed is not effected by ash deposition.

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A study on combustion of oil palm empty fruit bunch in a fluidized bed using alternative bed materials: Performance, emissions, and time-domain changes in the bed condition

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

Making Levulinic Acid and Ethyl Levulinate Economically Viable: A Worldwide Technoeconomic and Environmental Assessment of Possible Routes

Making Levulinic Acid and Ethyl Levulinate Economically Viable: A Worldwide Technoeconomic and Environmental Assessment of Possible Routes

Effects of Fuel Staging on the NO Emission Reduction during Biomass–Biomass Co-combustion in a Fluidized-Bed Combustor

Experimental and computational study on the effect of ash deposition on fluid dynamic behavior in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier

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