A study on common bean cultivars to identify sources of resistance against the black bean aphid,<i>Aphis fabae</i>Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Esmaeili-Vardanjani, Mojtaba; Askarianzadeh, Alireza; Saeidi, Zarir; Hasanshahi, Gholam Hossein; Karimi, Jaber; Nourbakhsh, Seyed Habibollah

doi:10.1080/03235408.2013.772351

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Likewise previous studies also showed that aphid infestations depended on bean variety or cultivar [60]. In addition to transmitting viruses, aphids damage bean crops by direct feeding and can significantly reduce bean yields sometimes by more than 50% [61,62,60,4]. All bean varieties identified in this study were infested by aphids (none showed resistance), implying that aphids could have also contributed to yield losses experienced by farmers.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Bcmd and Bean Aphids In Lower Eastern Kenyasupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Occurrence Of Bcmd and Bean Aphids In Lower Eastern Kenyamentioning

confidence: 59%

“…All bean varieties identified in this study were infested by aphids (none showed resistance), implying that aphids could have also contributed to yield losses experienced by farmers. For effective bean aphid management, identification and screening for aphid resistant and tolerant cultivars was recommended [62,60]. It can be hypothesized that the relatively low BAI in Selian 14 perhaps contributed to its lower BCMD-I compared to Selian 15.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Bcmd and Bean Aphids In Lower Eastern Kenyamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Bean Common Mosaic Disease and Associated Aphid Vector, Aphis fabae L., on Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Production in Lower Eastern Kenya

Muute

Muli

Orek

2021

IJPR

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Production of common bean in Kenya is constrained by pests and diseases and to improve bean yields amongst majority small-scale farmers, appropriate management strategies should be adopted. Bean common mosaic disease (BCMD) caused by bean common mosaic virus and vectored by bean aphids and infected seeds, substantially inhibit common bean production in Kenya. An extensive and diagnostic field survey was conducted in six agro ecological zones (AEZs) of lower eastern Kenya during the long and short rains of 2018 to determine BCMD incidence (BCMD-I), severity (BCMD-S), bean aphid abundance (BAA), bean aphid incidence (BAI) and the management strategies applied by farmers. Significant (P≤0.001) variations observed for these traits between bean varieties, rainy seasons and AEZs implied that farmers could select and grow a tolerant bean variety or grow a variety either in a season or an AEZ with low BCMD and bean aphid pressure. Such included AEZ-UMSA with least mean BCMD-I (42%), BCMD-S (1.9) and BAI (11%) compared to two AEZs (LHSH & LM4) that showed BCMD-I of >70%, BCMD-S >3.0 and BAI >50%. The AEZs differences could be attributed to variations in altitudes, temperature and humidity that influences vector (aphid) movement. Of the nine bean varieties identified during the survey, Selian 14 was the most preferred by farmers (at ~35%) with relatively lower BCMD-I (~49%) and BAI (~35%) compared to the least (<5%) farmer-preferred variety Wairimu that showed higher BCMD-I (56%) and BAI (~68%). Therefore variety Selian 14 was considered tolerant to BCMD and bean aphid. Significant (P≤0.001) and positive correlations (r = 0.67) between BAI and BCMD-I implied an effective control of bean aphids could reduce the impact of BCMD on bean production. On visual diagnostics, >75% of farmers could generally identify diseased or pest-infested bean crops and stage of growth of the crop most affected. None (0%) could however identify BCMD symptoms although ~40% identified the vector bean aphids with ~26% implementing some form of aphid or pest management strategy. On management, season-driven early planting and bean intercropping were the most applied strategies (>80%), crop rotation and weed control accounted for ~71%, certified seeds at 1% and non-chemical or pesticide applications (0%). Both low adoption of certified seeds and no chemical aphid control were attributed to high costs, despite the possibility the two factors could have contributed to higher incidences and severity of BCMD in the study area as the disease is both seed and vector-borne. In summary, lack of knowledge and training among farmers on diagnosis and management of aphid-pests and BCMD, were cited as the main constraints for low bean cultivation. This study therefore recommends provision of adequate extension services and farmer training in lower eastern Kenya for improved bean yield and subsequent better family livelihoods and income.

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Section: Occurrence Of Bcmd and Bean Aphids In Lower Eastern Kenyasupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Occurrence Of Bcmd and Bean Aphids In Lower Eastern Kenyamentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Occurrence Of Bcmd and Bean Aphids In Lower Eastern Kenyamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Bean Common Mosaic Disease and Associated Aphid Vector, Aphis fabae L., on Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Production in Lower Eastern Kenya

Muute

Muli

Orek

2021

IJPR

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“…In our study, plant resistance changed with plant phenology. Other studies also showed that plant resistance changes with plant phenology and effectiveness on insect biological parameters [33,30].…”

Section: Correlation Between Different Dbm Larval Densities and Paras...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Situation of the Diamondback Moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella and Its Parasitoids in the Cauliflower Fields of Tehran

Hasanshahi

2014

ARRB

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“…Fewer studies have been conducted on the use of resistant varieties to reduce M. vitrata infestations in the common bean, and therefore, this requires more work, especially considering the impacts on nontarget species that might be exposed to these toxins through parasitizing or by predating the pests. For A. fabae management, effective, resistant varieties of P. vulgaris have been identified both inside [ 187 ] and outside [ 188 ] SSA. Cultivars of V. faba and Beta vulgaris resistant to A. fabae have similarly been identified [ 189 , 190 ].…”

Section: Other Sustainable Alternatives Compatible With Natural Enemies For Managing Maruca Vitrata and Aphimentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Pest Regulation and Its Compatibility with Other Crop Protection Practices in Smallholder Bean Farming Systems

Ndakidemi

Mbega

Ndakidemi

et al. 2021

Biology

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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production and storage are limited by numerous constraints. Insect pests are often the most destructive. However, resource-constrained smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) often do little to manage pests. Where farmers do use a control strategy, it typically relies on chemical pesticides, which have adverse effects on the wildlife, crop pollinators, natural enemies, mammals, and the development of resistance by pests. Nature-based solutions —in particular, using biological control agents with sustainable approaches that include biopesticides, resistant varieties, and cultural tools—are alternatives to chemical control. However, significant barriers to their adoption in SSA include a lack of field data and knowledge on the natural enemies of pests, safety, efficacy, the spectrum of activities, the availability and costs of biopesticides, the lack of sources of resistance for different cultivars, and spatial and temporal inconsistencies for cultural methods. Here, we critically review the control options for bean pests, particularly the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) and pod borers (Maruca vitrata). We identified natural pest regulation as the option with the greatest potential for this farming system. We recommend that farmers adapt to using biological control due to its compatibility with other sustainable approaches, such as cultural tools, resistant varieties, and biopesticides for effective management, especially in SSA.

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A study on common bean cultivars to identify sources of resistance against the black bean aphid,Aphis fabaeScopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of Bean Common Mosaic Disease and Associated Aphid Vector, Aphis fabae L., on Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Production in Lower Eastern Kenya

Evaluation of Bean Common Mosaic Disease and Associated Aphid Vector, Aphis fabae L., on Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Production in Lower Eastern Kenya

Situation of the Diamondback Moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella and Its Parasitoids in the Cauliflower Fields of Tehran

Natural Pest Regulation and Its Compatibility with Other Crop Protection Practices in Smallholder Bean Farming Systems

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