A Study on Physical, Morphological and Antibacterial Properties of Bio Polymers Reinforced Polyvinyl Acetate Foams

Yıldırım, Nadir; Özen, Ertan; Ergün, Mehmet Emin; Dalkiliç, Berk

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0579

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The produced foams are of a density that can be evaluated in areas such as insulation, cushioning, and packaging. The density of biodegradable and synthetic foams for different purposes ranges from 5 kg/m 3 to 930 kg/m 3 [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. The density of aerogels produced from xanthan gum, clay, and agar via the freeze-drying technique ranges from 44 kg/m 3 to 101 kg/m 3 [ 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Xanthan Gum Foam’s Material Properties Using Machine Learning Methods

Ergün,

Ergün

2024

Polymers

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Xanthan gum is commonly used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. However, there have been no studies on utilizing this natural biopolymer as a foam material in the insulation and packaging sectors, which are large markets, or modeling it using an artificial neural network. In this study, foam material production was carried out in an oven using different ratios of cellulose fiber and xanthan gum in a 5% citric acid medium. As a result of the physical and mechanical experiments conducted, it was determined that xanthan gum had a greater impact on the properties of the foam material than cellulose. The densities of the produced foam materials ranged from 49.42 kg/m3 to 172.2 kg/m3. In addition, the compressive and flexural moduli were found to vary between 235.25 KPa and 1257.52 KPa and between 1939.76 KPa and 12,736.39 KPa, respectively. Five machine-learning-based methods (multiple linear regression, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, least squares methods, and generalized regression neural networks) were utilized to analyze the effects of the components used in the foam formulation. These models yielded accurate results without time, material, or cost losses, making the process more efficient. The models predicted the best results for density, compression modulus, and flexural modulus achieved in the experimental tests. The generalized regression neural network model yielded impressive results, with R2 values above 0.97, enabling the acquisition of more quantitative data with fewer experimental results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Xanthan Gum Foam’s Material Properties Using Machine Learning Methods

Ergün,

Ergün

2024

Polymers

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“…The porosity and density values of the produced PVAc based foams were previously reported in our study. 15…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The porosity and density values of the produced PVAc based foams were previously reported in our study. 15 The increase in zinc borate amount was observed to decrease the compression resistance. There were many studies in which the mechanical properties of materials produced with the addition of zinc borate at high rates were adversely affected.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Pvac Foamsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Chitosan is derived from chitin through a process of deacetylation, which involves the removal of acetyl groups from chitin molecules. 15,16 Cellulose and chitosan have made them popular biopolymers to manufacture and/or reinforce otherwise weak materials, including foams. 17,18 These two biopolymers utilize in many industries, such as paper, pharmaceutics, food, water treatment,, biomedical treatment, agriculture, cosmetics, and textiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl acetate foams reinforced with biopolymers

Ergun,

Ozen,

Yildirim

et al. 2023

Cellular Polymers

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The study developed and designed polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) foams using advanced freeze-drying technology, which exhibited good heat-insulating ability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties. Different combinations of bleach kraft pulp, water-soluble chitosan, and zinc borate were used to reinforce the foams. The foams exhibited desirable compression and flexural properties, with compression strength and compression modulus ranging from 0.01 MPa to 0.08 MPa and 0.05 MPa to 0.29 MPa, respectively, while flexural strength and flexural modulus ranged from 0.12 MPa to 5.37 MPa and 9.86 MPa to 260,85 MPa, respectively. The use of zinc borate as a reinforcement resulted in improved thermal properties and reduced mass loss at 600°C by 20.69%. Thermal conductivity tests indicated that the foams had low thermal conductivity values ranging from 0.037 W/mK to 0.074 W/mK. The foams with zinc borate (60 g/L) and high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (70 g/L) reinforcement exhibited high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.72%. Overall, the results suggest that the PVAc foams could serve as a promising sustainable alternative in thermal insulation and construction fields.

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“…The density of biodegradable foams changed between 12 and 1000 kg/m 3 for application in insulation purposes (Zhao and Li 2022). Densities of PVAc-based foams reinforced with cellulose and chitosan changed between 120 and 210 kg/m 3 (Yildirim et al 2022). When biopolymers, such as chitosan and cellulose, were mixed with surfactants, density values were decreased (Czakaj et al 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated carbon and cellulose-reinforced biodegradable chitosan foams

Ergün¹

2022

BioRes

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Chitosan foams with promising mechanical properties, heat-insulating ability, and flame retardancy were produced through oven drying. The chitosan foams were reinforced with cellulose, boric acid, and different ratios of activated carbon. The foams showed desirable low density (80.2 to 109.8 kg/m3) and compression properties. The compression resistance and compression modulus of foams ranged between 53.6 and 98.5 KPa and 214 to 394 KPa, respectively. Thermal conductivity tests revealed that the foams endowed low thermal conductivity values (0.035 to 0.051 W/mK). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the foams was as high as 32.9% for activated carbon (20 g/L). The activated carbon reinforcement produced higher thermal properties and decreased the mass loss 48.1% at 600 °C. The produced foams exhibited good biodegradability (39% degradation in 15 days). The overall test results showed that the chitosan foams can be utilized as a promising environmentally friendly material in thermal insulation fields.

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A Study on Physical, Morphological and Antibacterial Properties of Bio Polymers Reinforced Polyvinyl Acetate Foams

Cited by 10 publications

References 90 publications

Modeling Xanthan Gum Foam’s Material Properties Using Machine Learning Methods

Modeling Xanthan Gum Foam’s Material Properties Using Machine Learning Methods

Mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl acetate foams reinforced with biopolymers

Activated carbon and cellulose-reinforced biodegradable chitosan foams

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