A study on the arrival process of lift passengers in a multi-storey office building

Kuusinen, Juha-Matti; Sorsa, Janne; Siikonen, Marja-Liisa; Ehtamo, Harri

doi:10.1177/0143624411427459

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similarly, after the lunch, the loading increases for upward starts (see Figure 5). A corresponding profile can also be concluded from Kuusinen et al., 13 where the batch sizes during the lunch period are reported to be considerably higher than during the morning or evening. Compared to individually arriving passengers, the overall number of starts during a day decreases due to the batch effect.…”

Section: Modelling Methodssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The building is further depicted in the literature. 7,13,14 Traffic statistics, mainly the origin and destination floors, time stamp and loading percentage, were obtained from the lift monitoring system (LMS). The energy and power consumptions were measured with a Fluke 1760 threephase power quality recorder installed after the main fuses of the lift in accordance with the ISO 25745-1 standard.…”

Section: Test Surroundingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study for improving the energy efficiency of lifts with adjustable counterweighting

Tukia

Uimonen

Siikonen³

et al. 2017

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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This article presents a study of the potential energy efficiency improvement by means of adjusting the lift counterweight. The lift energy consumption in different counterweight setups is studied by employing measured lift traffic and energy consumption data from an office building in Finland. Overall, dimensioning the counterweight based on traffic analysis is one of the fastest and most cost-effective means of improving the energy efficiency of lifts. The results from the building imply, however, that with a relatively constant loading throughout the day, the continuous adjusting of the counterweight provides limited energy savings compared to systems where the counterweight is sized according to the average load. Nevertheless, active adjustment of the counterweight size may provide considerable savings in lift systems if there is a wide variation in the car loading between the hours of the day. Furthermore, reducing the counterweight potentially improves the ISO 25745-2 energy efficiency classification of the lift, thus increasing the product attractiveness in the market. Practical Application This article presents practical approaches to analysing the energy consumption of counterbalanced lifts. The modelled results can be used to optimise the mass of the counterweight in order to achieve considerable energy savings in the actual or expected traffic profile.

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Section: Modelling Methodssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Test Surroundingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study for improving the energy efficiency of lifts with adjustable counterweighting

Tukia

Uimonen

Siikonen³

et al. 2017

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More recent research indicates that a Poisson process with batch arrivals may fit the data better than a Poisson process with individual arrivals. 4 In the sequel, we use Poisson processes with individual arrivals to model arrivals. We assume that incoming students arrive at floor 1 following a Poisson process over the 15 min period between course blocks.…”

Section: Arrivals At Stairs and Elevatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent research indicates that a Poisson process with batch arrivals may fit the data better than a Poisson process with individual arrivals. 4…”

Section: Arrivals At Stairs and Elevatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling elevator traffic with social distancing in a university classroom building

Swinarski

2020

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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Social distancing standards implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic may have negative effects on vertical traffic. We describe a model and use it to predict the elevator traffic under social distancing in a university classroom building, and study the effects of four interventions aimed at improving this traffic. Discrete event-based simulation is used to study whether the lift group meets the forecasted demand when the car capacity is restricted far below its ordinary value to accommodate social distancing. Four low-cost interventions are simulated alone and in combination to quantify the improvements they offer. All four interventions show some improvement, and the combination of all four interventions gives the greatest improvement. Practical application: Implementing social distancing standards may disproportionately lower the car capacity relative to the building population and thus negatively affect vertical traffic. Building managers seeking to implement low-cost measures to improve elevator traffic under these conditions may look to the percentage improvements described here to aid them in selecting interventions appropriate to their buildings.

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“…1,5,6 Having a Poisson arrival model for the number of passengers arriving in a period is equivalent to saying that the inter-arrival time between consecutive passengers follows exponential distribution. Kuusinen et al 7 report that passengers arrive in batches under inhomogeneous Poisson process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A benchmark and real-time estimator for the passenger arrival rate to elevator system

Hammoudeh

Al-Sharif

Al-Shabi

2018

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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Arrival rate is the number of passengers arriving for elevator service in a certain period of time. Arrival rate is fundamental in expressing the heaviness of the traffic. Hence, it is vital for determining the required number of elevators and the specifications of each elevator such as the speed, capacity, and sector sizes. The passenger arrival process is a random process that is full of noise, and a processing step is required to extract the arrival rate from recorded arrival times of passengers. This work develops a real-time estimator and a benchmark for estimating the arrival rate. There are three contributions in this work; the first is suggesting a benchmark for estimating arrival rate; singular spectrum analysis extracts the arrival rate from noisy data. Hence, singular spectrum analysis is suggested as a benchmark for evaluating the performance of other algorithms. Even though singular spectrum analysis is powerful in extracting the arrival rate, it is not convenient for updating the arrival rate in real time. The second contribution is developing a real-time estimator for the passenger arrival rate that updates its parameters dynamically; dynamic exponentially weighted moving average was developed to provide instantaneous arrival rate updates. The third contribution is introducing exponentially weighted moving average as a linear model for passenger arrival, which opens the door to a large number of model-based algorithms in control theory; Kalman filtering was developed in this work on the top of the EWMA linear model. The results of applying Kalman filtering and DEWMA to real-life data show them as efficient methods for estimating passenger arrival rate to the elevators in real time. Practical application: The methods presented in this paper would allow an elevator controller designer to detect the intensity of the passenger arrival rate. By doing this, it is possible for the elevator controller to switch between different group control algorithms. For example, it could decide to switch from conventional group control to sectoring control and vice versa.

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A study on the arrival process of lift passengers in a multi-storey office building

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

A study for improving the energy efficiency of lifts with adjustable counterweighting

A study for improving the energy efficiency of lifts with adjustable counterweighting

Modelling elevator traffic with social distancing in a university classroom building

A benchmark and real-time estimator for the passenger arrival rate to elevator system

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