A study on the dimerization of 1-butene over Beta zeolite

Villegas, J.I.; Kumar, Narendra; Heikkilä, Teemu; Lehto, Vesa‐Pekka; Salmi, Tapio; Murzin, Dmitry Yu.

doi:10.1007/s11244-007-0263-2

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[35][36][37][38][39] The XRD pattern of pillaredN a-MCM-36-28 resembled that of Na-MCM-22. In addition, lipase was used for qualitative comparison.…”

Section: Catalyst Characterization Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The structureso ft wo different types of zeolites, Beta and ZSM-5, were confirmed by XRD. [35][36][37][38][39] The XRD pattern of pillaredN a-MCM-36-28 resembled that of Na-MCM-22. [38] Analogously,t he XRD pattern for MCM-41 was similar to that reported in Ref.…”

Section: Catalyst Characterization Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…NH 4 -Beta-150 and NH 4 -Beta-300 were purchased from Zeolyst International and calcined at 500 8C. [37] For comparison, an immobilized enzyme catalyst, acrylic resin based lipase from Candida antarctica (Sigma) was used. The preparation of MCM-36 started from MCM-22, which was synthesized according to ap rocedure reported by Lawton et al [57] Details of the preparation of MCM-22 are given in Ref.…”

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analogously to Na-MCM-22, Na-MCM-41 was transformed into the ammonium form and calcined at 500 8C. [37] For comparison, an immobilized enzyme catalyst, acrylic resin based lipase from Candida antarctica (Sigma) was used. In addition, commercially available CeO 2 (Ce IV oxide, < 25 nm, Aldrich) was used as acatalyst.…”

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmaceuticals and Surfactants from Alga‐Derived Feedstock: Amidation of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives with Amino Alcohols

et al. 2015

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Amidation of renewable feedstocks, such as fatty acids, esters, and Chlorella alga based biodiesel, was demonstrated with zeolites and mesoporous materials as catalysts and ethanolamine, alaninol, and leucinol. The last two can be derived from amino acids present in alga. The main products were fatty alkanol amides and the corresponding ester amines, as confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopy. Thermal amidation of technical-grade oleic acid and stearic acid at 180 °C with ethanolamine were non-negligible; both gave 61% conversion. In the amidation of stearic acid with ethanolamine, the conversion over H-Beta-150 was 80% after 3 h, whereas only 63% conversion was achieved for oleic acid; this shows that a microporous catalyst is not suitable for this acid and exhibits a wrinkled conformation. The highest selectivity to stearoyl ethanolamide of 92% was achieved with mildly acidic H-MCM-41 at 70% conversion in 3 h at 180 °C. Highly acidic catalysts favored the formation of the ester amine, whereas the amide was obtained with a catalyst that exhibited an optimum acidity. The conversion levels achieved with different fatty acids in the range C12-C18 were similar; this shows that the fatty acid length does not affect the amidation rate. The amidation of methyl palmitate and biodiesel gave low conversions over an acidic catalyst, which suggested that the reaction mechanism in the amidation of esters was different.

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“…[35][36][37][38][39] The XRD pattern of pillaredN a-MCM-36-28 resembled that of Na-MCM-22. In addition, lipase was used for qualitative comparison.…”

Section: Catalyst Characterization Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Catalyst Characterization Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmaceuticals and Surfactants from Alga‐Derived Feedstock: Amidation of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives with Amino Alcohols

et al. 2015

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“…Therefore, one of the challenges in the oligomerization of butenes, in order to get high-octane gasoline, is the development of catalysts with high selectivity to C 8 -olefins, avoiding the formation of heavier olefinic fractions (C þ 12 ). Among the catalysts reported for this reaction, besides phosphoric acid on silica, we find: Ziegler-Natta-based catalysts (Reffinger and Hoffman, 1990), zeolites (Villegas et al, 2007;Nkosi et al, 1997), benzyl sulfonic acid on silica (Saus and Schmid, 1985), mica montmorillonite (Vogel et al, 1990), titanium oxide (Chellappa et al, 2001;Mantilla et al, 2004), zirconium oxide (Busca et al, 1989;Lewis and Kydd, 1991), and sulfated zirconia (Mantilla et al, 2005). In the present work seeking highly selective catalysts, the oligomerization of isobutene was studied on W 2 O 3 =Al 2 O 3 and NiO-W 2 O 3 =Al 2 O 3 catalysts, since W 2 O 3 has been reported as an oxide showing important acid properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

IMPROVED SELECTIVITY TO C₈-OLEFINS FOR ISOBUTENE OLIGOMERIZATION ON NIO-W₂O₃/Al₂O₃CATALYSTS

Tzompantzi

Valverde-Herrera

Rodríguez‐González

et al. 2009

Chemical Engineering Communications

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Isobutene oligomerization on W 2 O 3 =Al 2 O 3 and NiO-W 2 O 3 =Al 2 O 3 catalysts (20 wt.% W 2 O 3 and 5 wt.% NiO) was studied. The catalysts were prepared by impregnating ammonium tungstanate and nickel nitrate on a c-alumina sol-gel support. The XRD patterns of the samples calcined at 500 C show the presence of large W 2 O 3 conglomerates on the W 2 O 3 =Al 2 O 3 sample and smaller ones on the NiO-W 2 O 3 =Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Pyridine-FT-IR absorption spectra study shows a higher acidity on the nickel-containing sample. The isobutene oligomerization was carried out in a gasphase flow reactor (50-150 C), and selectivity as high as 100% to the formation of the C ¼ 8 olefins fraction was obtained. The role of NiO coordinating the p-allyl adsorption of the olefins as well as its role to the high C ¼ 8 selectivity were discussed.

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Thermal and Catalytic Amidation of Stearic Acid with Ethanolamine for Production of Pharmaceuticals and Surfactants

et al. 2016

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A study on the dimerization of 1-butene over Beta zeolite

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Pharmaceuticals and Surfactants from Alga‐Derived Feedstock: Amidation of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives with Amino Alcohols

Pharmaceuticals and Surfactants from Alga‐Derived Feedstock: Amidation of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives with Amino Alcohols

IMPROVED SELECTIVITY TO C₈-OLEFINS FOR ISOBUTENE OLIGOMERIZATION ON NIO-W₂O₃/Al₂O₃CATALYSTS

Thermal and Catalytic Amidation of Stearic Acid with Ethanolamine for Production of Pharmaceuticals and Surfactants

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A study on the dimerization of 1-butene over Beta zeolite

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Pharmaceuticals and Surfactants from Alga‐Derived Feedstock: Amidation of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives with Amino Alcohols

Pharmaceuticals and Surfactants from Alga‐Derived Feedstock: Amidation of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives with Amino Alcohols

IMPROVED SELECTIVITY TO C8-OLEFINS FOR ISOBUTENE OLIGOMERIZATION ON NIO-W2O3/Al2O3CATALYSTS

Thermal and Catalytic Amidation of Stearic Acid with Ethanolamine for Production of Pharmaceuticals and Surfactants

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Product

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IMPROVED SELECTIVITY TO C₈-OLEFINS FOR ISOBUTENE OLIGOMERIZATION ON NIO-W₂O₃/Al₂O₃CATALYSTS