A Study on the Effect of a Calcium-Based Engine Oil Additive on Abnormal SI Engine Combustion

Investigation on low-speed pre-ignition from the quantification and identification of engine oil droplets release under ambient pressure conditions

“…Recent studies have been developed on the chemical composition of the oil leading to LSPI events, and one of the main conclusions has been the negative effect of the Ca-based additive [20,21,22,23,24,25]. In response to the different findings on the effect of the engine oil on LSPI, the American Petroleum Institute (API) launched, at the end of 2017, a new classification, denoted as SN PLUS, for oils including an additional protection against LSPI for turbocharged GDI engines [26,27].…”