A Study on the Miniaturization of a Protective Device for the Micro Smart Grid Simulator

Distributed Generation Management in Smart Grid with the Participation of Electric Vehicles with Respect to the Vehicle Owners’ Opinion by Using the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm

“…Grid and DGs constraints and also constraints related to electric vehicles should be observed at any time of the day [13]. The main constraint for the grid is load balance constraint.…”

“…where P min i and P max i are the bounds of the minimum and maximum output power ith of DG. If the minimum amount is lowered, that unit will be turned off and will need to pay again to set up [13].…”

“…Planning of units in the distribution network in the presence of EVs can be connected to the grid in a variety of ways. In [12], the authors have introduced a collaborative model of units in the presence of networkable electric vehicles by using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to reduce the operation cost and the environmental emission in a MG. Also, in [13], scheduling DGs and scheduling charging and discharging EVs in a smart grid using the GAMS software was designed to reduce the cost of operating and emission rates. In [14] an energy management system (EMS) is proposed for residential microgrid (MG) with home parking lot based on the mixed integer linear program (MILP) method and for balancing power transactions in MG.…”

Miniaturized Distributed Generation for a Micro Smart Grid Simulator

“…Furthermore, several successful research results have also been presented in the field of robotics based on miniaturized sensors and activators [18,19]. Recently, several studies on miniaturization in the power grids have been demonstrated [20,21]. Especially Ko (2018) [20], who proposed a new and efficient downscaling method for the miniaturization of SGs and presented the design results of a micro SG simulator based on the proposed method.…”

“…This proposed micro SG simulator has a size that is one thousandth that of the SG, allowing free and safe experimentation with the new operation control algorithms in the laboratory. Ko et al [21] proposed a miniaturized PD, known as a micro PD, to meet the specifications of the micro SG simulator. This micro PD plays the same roles as those of the circuit breaker (CB) and recloser or section switches on the micro SG simulator.…”