A Study on the Toxicology of<i>Acacia nilotica</i>

Al-Mustafa, Zaki H.; Dafallah, Abdullah A.

doi:10.1142/s0192415x00000155

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The loss of body weight can, often, be a sensitive indicator of toxicity after exposure to toxic substances [33,34]. Although a decrease in body weight was reported in rats fed with 2% and 8% Acacia in the diet for 2 and 4 weeks, the condition was reversed in a few days after termination of the treatment without any mortality [35]. In the present study, maximum gain in body weight was observed in group 3 administered with a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract (ethyl gallate equivalent of 10 mg/kg) and in group 6 administered with 5 mg/kg body weight of ethyl gallate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro protection of biological macromolecules against oxidative stress and in vivo toxicity evaluation of Acacia nilotica (L.) and ethyl gallate in rats

Mohan

Kalaivani

Chandrasekaran

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundRecently, enormous research has been focused on natural bioactive compounds possessing potential antioxidant and anticancer properties using cell lines and animal models. Acacia nilotica (L.) is widely distributed in Asia, Africa, Australia and Kenya. The plant is traditionally used to treat mouth, ear and bone cancer. However, reports on Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. Ex. Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan regarding its toxicity profile is limited. Hence in this study, we investigated the antioxidant capacity and acute toxicity of ethyl gallate, a phenolic antioxidant present in the A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract.MethodsThe antioxidant activity of ethyl gallate against Fenton’s system (Fe3+/H2O2/ascorbic acid) generated oxidative damage to pBR322 DNA and BSA was investigated. We also studied the interaction of ethyl gallate to CT-DNA by wave scan and FTIR analysis. The amount of ethyl gallate present in the A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract was calculated using HPLC and represented in gram equivalence of ethyl gallate. The acute toxicity profile of ethyl gallate in the A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract was analyzed in albino Wistar rats. Measurement of liver and kidney function markers, total proteins and glucose were determined in the serum. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) tool version 16.0.ResultsEthyl gallate was found to be effective at 100 μg/mL concentration by inhibiting the free radical mediated damage to BSA and pBR322 DNA. We also found that the interaction of ethyl gallate and A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract to CT-DNA occurs through intercalation. One gram of A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract was found to be equivalent to 20 mg of ethyl gallate through HPLC analysis. Based on the acute toxicity results, A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract and ethyl gallate as well was found to be non-toxic and safe.ConclusionsResults revealed no mortality or abnormal biochemical changes in vivo and the protective effect of A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract and ethyl gallate on DNA and protein against oxidative stress in vitro. Hence, A. nilotica (L.) leaf extract or ethyl gallate could be used as potential antioxidants with safe therapeutic application in cancer chemotherapy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro protection of biological macromolecules against oxidative stress and in vivo toxicity evaluation of Acacia nilotica (L.) and ethyl gallate in rats

Mohan

Kalaivani

Chandrasekaran

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…It was previously reported that in rats that were fed an 8% A. nilotica diet for up to 4 weeks their body weights were significantly reduced and serum cholesterol and serum total protein significantly decreased. Symptoms reversed 1 week after treatment termination, leading the authors to conclude that A. nilotica had a high toxicity potential [27], but this toxic effect was not irreversible. These findings illustrate that in vitro test results can be extrapolated directly to in vivo effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and CYP450 Enzymatic Competition Effects of Tanzanian Plant Extracts Traditionally Used for Treatment of Fungal Infections

Beukel

Hamza

Moshi

et al. 2008

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan countries highly depend on traditional medicines for the treatment of opportunistic oral infections as candidiasis. Previous investigations on antifungal activity of medicinal plant extracts utilized by traditional healers in Tanzania have revealed 12 extracts with potent antifungal activity. Although the plants may be good candidates for new treatment opportunities, they can be toxic or genotoxic and could cause pharmacokinetic interactions when used concomitantly with antiretroviral agents. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and cytochrome P450 interaction potential of these medicinal plants. Cytotoxicity was tested by Hoechst 33342, Alamar Blue, calcein-AM, glutathione depletion and O 2 -consumption assays and genotoxicity by a Vitotox assay. Competition of the 12 extracts on substrate metabolism by CYP3A4, 2C9, 2C19 and 2D6 was tested with high-throughput CYP inhibition screening. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) activation was tested using Chinese hamster ovary cell lines expressing human PXR. Herbal extracts inducing high human PXR activation were tested for enhanced CYP3A4 mRNA levels with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Genotoxicity was found for Jatropha multifida , Sterculia africana and Spirostachys africana . All plant extracts showed high cytotoxic effects in almost all tests. Potent competition with CYP3A4, 2D6, 2C9 and 2C19 was found for 75% of the herbal extracts. Spirostachys africana did not affect CYP2D6 and for S. africana and Turraea holstii no effect on CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 (DBF) was found. Nine plant extracts showed significant activation of human PXR, but only Agaura salicifolia , Turraea holstii and S. africana significantly induced CYP3A4 mRNA levels. These results indicate the possibility of potential medicinal plant-antiretroviral interactions.Traditional medicines are commonly used in sub-Saharan countries like Tanzania, with up to 80% of the population depending on traditional medicines for their primary health care [1]. In Tanzania, up to 21% of the people who seeked care from public health care facilities first consult a traditional healer [2]. Especially, HIV-infected persons who often encounter opportunistic infections during their disease course highly depend on this form of health care. According to Medicine du Monde , a French non-governmental organization, in Kagera region, five out of every six HIV-infected patients receive their medical attention from a traditional healer rather than from a hospital or primary health care facility [3]. A survey among 532 HIV patients visiting the HIV clinic of Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, reported use of traditional medicines by 62 patients (11.7%). Focusing on HIV patients with oral lesions, mostly oral Candida infections, a prevalence of traditional medicine use of 40.3% was found [4].Fungal infections, like oral candidiasis, are commonly seen among HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa. The problems with effective management of these infec...

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“…This plant is also known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diarrheal, anti-hypertensive and anti-spasmodic, anti-bacterial, anti-helminthic, anti-platelet aggregatory, and anti-cancer activities [50]. Toxicological studies on A. nicolita showed that it has a low toxicity potential [55]. However it is also reported that repeated administration of doses higher than 250 mg/kg body weight for 28 days caused hepatotoxicity in rats [56].…”

Section: Acacia Nicolita Var Adansonaii (Guill and Perr) Brenanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plants Used as Galactagogues

Bekoe¹,

Kitcher²,

Gyima³

et al. 2019

Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants

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The recommended diet for human infants within the first 6 months of life is breast milk. No other natural or artificial formulation has been able to match up to this gold standard. Mothers who have attempted to pursue exclusive breastfeeding can, however, attest to numerous nutritional and non-nutritional challenges mainly resulting in insufficient milk production (hypogalactia) or the absence of milk production (agalactia). There are very few and officially recommended orthodox drugs to increase lactation. The most widely used galactagogues being chlorpromazine, sulpiride, metoclopramide and domperidone are associated with very high incidences of unpleasant side effects including their extra-pyramidal effects in both mother and infant. There is therefore a need to keep searching for more acceptable galactagogues. This section reviews current literature on medicinal plants used within the local Ghanaian community to enhance lactation. Various electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder and Google Scholar as well as published books on Ghanaian medicinal plants were searched. A total of 22 plants belonging to 13 families were reviewed with regards to their medicinal values, information on lactation and toxicity.

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A Study on the Toxicology ofAcacia nilotica

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

In vitro protection of biological macromolecules against oxidative stress and in vivo toxicity evaluation of Acacia nilotica (L.) and ethyl gallate in rats

In vitro protection of biological macromolecules against oxidative stress and in vivo toxicity evaluation of Acacia nilotica (L.) and ethyl gallate in rats

Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and CYP450 Enzymatic Competition Effects of Tanzanian Plant Extracts Traditionally Used for Treatment of Fungal Infections

Medicinal Plants Used as Galactagogues

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