A Study to Determine the Proper Dose of Gamma Radiation for Inducing Beneficial Genetic Variability in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Irfaq, Muhammad; Nawab, Khalid

doi:10.3923/ajps.2003.999.1003

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For plant survival, irradiation doses ranging from 30-50kR were having more adverse impact on the survival of plants. This finding has been previously observed in wheat, where the irradiated seeds showed a decline in germination and total survival capacity to the non-irradiated seeds [10][11][12][13][14]. This biological behaviour suggests harmful effects of mutagens on genes that control this trait, by inhibited DNA repair mechanisms, deceleration of mitotic division in meristematic cells, and deleterious impact on other metabolic processes involved in germination and growth processes.…”

Section: Seedling Emergence and Survivalsupporting

confidence: 79%

Gamma Irradiation Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Meiotic Cells of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Alam

Khah

Azad

2022

IJPSS

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Background and Objectives: Due to the ever-increasing human population and rapid urbanization, the available agricultural land becomes limited for the production of food grains. As a result, there is an urgent need for creating genetic variability upon which improved varieties could be made. The technology of induced mutagenesis plays an essential role in inducing genetic variations among crop species where hybridization is very challenging. Therefore, the present study has been designed to assess the mutagenic impact of gamma irradiation on the cytological behaviour of T. aestivum L in M1 and M2 generation. Materials and Methods: Bread wheat seeds of selected cultivar were irradiated at BARC, Mumbai with five doses. The irradiated and non-irradiated seeds were sown under field condition with three replicates for each dose according to randomized block design to raise the M1 and M2 generations for morphological and meiotic analysis. For meiosis, immature panicles were collected in early morning and immediately fixed in carnoy’s solution for at least 24 hours. Thereafter, anthers from buds were excised and squashed in acetocarmine followed by photomicrography of suitable PMCs to estimate chromosome aberrations. Results: The results displayed a progressive elevation in the chromosomal aberrations along with a significant influence on seedling emergence, plant survival and pollen fertility. The most frequent meiotic aberrations detected include chromatin clumping, univalents and early chromosome segregations at metaphase and lagging chromosomes, chromatin bridges and chromosome clumping at anaphase/telophase while unorientation, scattering, polarity disturbances and micronuclei were also noticed. In addition, the frequency of these chromosome aberrations significantly decreased in M2 generation depicting the reclamation in genomic structure. Conclusion: The present investigation supports the discovery that gamma irradiations are very effective in creating rapid genetic variability in crop plants including Triticum aestivum which could be essentially exploited for future mutation breeding programmes. The results revealed that the higher treatment doses are toxic whereas lower doses of gamma irradiations seem quite beneficial in generating promising traits with less toxicity. In this study, the cytotoxicity has increased along with gamma irradiation doses and therefore, the genetic structure of the selected bread wheat cultivar is highly affected, which will possibly create new favorable genetic changes in the following generations that would be useful for plant breeders for its improvement.

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Section: Seedling Emergence and Survivalsupporting

confidence: 79%

Gamma Irradiation Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Meiotic Cells of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Alam

Khah

Azad

2022

IJPSS

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“…On the other hand, higher doses tended to reduce them. Irfaq and Nawab (2003) observed adverse effects on the most of the parameters of wheat as a result of higher doses (300 and 400 Gy). Borzouei et al (2010) treated two wheat cultivars with different doses of gamma irradiation (100 and 400 Gy).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Radiosensitivity of Some Local Cultivars of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) to Gamma Irradiation

2012

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Seeds of four local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, namely Hinta, Khaliji, Lokaimy and Qasime collected from different regions of Saudi Arabia were exposed to different doses of gamma rays 50-500 Gy to determine suitable doses for induction of mutation. It was observed that seedling height decreased with the increased dose of radiation in all cultivars. Radiosensitive curve originated from seedling height data resulted in 179, 225, 249 and 256 Gys as LD50 values for the cultivars Hinta, Khaliji, Qasime and Lokaimy, respectively. Based on LD50, as to minimize DNA damage and reduce undesirable mutations, radiation doses which lie between 200 and 250 Gy can be considered suitable for induction of mutation in cultivars Lokaimy, Khaliji and Qasime while between 150 and 200 Gy for cultivar Hinta DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11075 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 1-5, 2012 (June)

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“…Effectiveness and efficiency are two distinct properties of mutagens that have been extensively discussed elsewhere ( Kawai, 1975 , 1986 ; Shah et al , 2008 ; Girija and Dhanavel, 2009 ). While ionizing radiation still remains the most suitable means for inducing variability ( Brunner, 1995 ; Bhatia et al , 2001 ; Irfaq and Nawab, 2003 ; Joseph et al , 2004 ; Sangsiri et al , 2005 ; Tah, 2006 ) a number of chemicals have been found to be equally and even many times more effective and efficient mutagens ( Thakur and Sethi, 1995 ; Kharkwal, 1998 ; Solanki, 2005 ; Rekha and Langer, 2007 ; Basu et al , 2008 , Dhanavel et al , 2008 ; Ganapathy et al , 2008 ; Wani, 2009 ). Effectiveness usually means the rate of point mutations relative to dose, whereas efficiency refers to the rate of point mutations relative to other biological effects induced by the mutagen and is considered a measure of damage ( Konzak et al , 1965 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

A comparison of the effects of physical and chemical mutagens in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Begum

Dasgupta

2010

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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Three sesame genotypes (Rama, SI 1666 and IC 21706) were treated with physical (γ-rays: 200 Gy, 400 Gy or 600 Gy) or chemical (ethyl methane sulphonate, EMS: 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% or 2.0%) mutagens and their mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were estimated in the M 2 generation. The M 3 generation was used to identify the most effective mutagen and dose for induction of mutations. The average effectiveness of EMS was much higher than γ-rays. The lowest dose of γ-rays (200 Gy) and the lowest concentration of EMS (0.5%) showed the highest mutagenic efficiency in all genotypes. Analysis of the M 3 generation data based on parameters such as the variance ratio and the difference in residual variances derived from the model of Montalván and Ando indicated that 0.5% concentration of EMS was the most effective treatment for inducing mutations.

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A Study to Determine the Proper Dose of Gamma Radiation for Inducing Beneficial Genetic Variability in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Gamma Irradiation Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Meiotic Cells of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Gamma Irradiation Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Meiotic Cells of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Radiosensitivity of Some Local Cultivars of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) to Gamma Irradiation

A comparison of the effects of physical and chemical mutagens in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

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