A subset of cells in the nerve net of Hydra oligactis defined by a monoclonal antibody: Its arrangement and development

Dunne, John F.; Javois, Lorette C.; Huang, Lydia W.; Bode, Hans R.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(85)90344-6

Cited by 72 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Labeling with different monoclonal antibodies or antibodies raised against different Hydra neuropeptides identified distinct subsets of neurons with specific regional distributions, dependent on axial position (Koizumi andBode, 1986, 1991;Koizumi et al, 2004). A remarkable feature of the net is, in fact, its plasticity: neurons are continually migrating to be eliminated at the apical and basal ends of the polyp together with the adjacent epithelia (Dunne et al, 1985;Bode et al, 1986), thus implying that extensive synapse remodeling must occur in physiological conditions. Furthermore, though Hydra polyps have no recognizable organs, a detailed ultrastructural analysis of the epithelial cells of the tentacles, the battery cells, showed that these cells enclose in their cytoplasm sensory and ganglion neurons as well as myonemes and different types of nematocytes, anchored by gap and septate junctions respectively (Hufnagel et al, 1985).…”

Section: The Nervous Net Of Hydra: Anatomy Ultrastructure and Physiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated ion channels in Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Pierobon

2012

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Cnidarians lack well developed organs, but they have evolved the molecular and cellular components needed to assemble a nervous system. The apparent 'simplicity' of the cnidarian nervous net does not occur at the cellular level, but rather in the organisation of conducting systems. Cnidarian neurons are in fact electrically excitable, show the typical extended morphology and are connected by chemical synapses or gap junctions. They have been regarded as peptidergic, given the wealth of neuropeptides generally distributed along neurites and in cell bodies, supporting the hypothesis of a modulatory role in neurotransmission. However, the presence of clear-cored, as well as dense-cored synaptic vesicles in cnidarian neurons suggests both fast and slow synaptic transmission mechanisms. In fact, biochemical and functional evidence indicates that classical neurotransmitters and their metabolic partners are present in cnidarian tissues, where they are involved in coordinating motility and behavior. We have identified and characterized in Hydra tissues receptors to the inhibitory and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, GABA, glycine and NMDA, that are similar to mammalian ionotropic receptors in terms of their biochemical and pharmacological properties. These receptors appear to regulate pacemaker activities and their physiological correlates; in the live animal, they also affect feeding behavior, namely the duration and termination of the response elicited by reduced glutathione, with opposite actions of GABA and glycine or NMDA, respectively. These results suggest that modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated-ion channels is an ancient characteristic in the animal kingdom, and that the pharmacological properties of these receptors have been highly conserved during evolution.

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Section: The Nervous Net Of Hydra: Anatomy Ultrastructure and Physiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated ion channels in Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Pierobon

2012

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…As these are found throughout the animal, it is highly likely that the measured increase in the rate of neuron differentiation is a reflection of an increased rate of ganglion cell formation. Sensory cells are found primarily in the tentacles and the basal disk (Dunne et al, 1985;Koizumi and Bode, 1991). To determine if the peptide also affected differentiation of sensory neurons, treated animals were assayed with the monoclonal antibody, NV1, which specifically recognizes an antigen of the sensory cells of the tentacles (Hobmayer et al, 1990).…”

Section: Hym-355 Enhances Neuron Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nerve net is composed of two morphologically distinguishable cell types, ganglion cells and sensory cells (David, 1973). Subsets of neurons have been characterized by the presence of different neuropeptides or by specific antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies (Grimmelikhuijzen et al, 1982a,b;Dunne et al, 1985;Koizumi et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel neuropeptide, Hym-355, positively regulates neuron differentiation in Hydra

Takahashi¹,

Koizumi²,

Ariura³

et al. 1999

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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During the course of a systematic screening of peptide signaling molecules in Hydra a novel peptide, Hym-355 (FPQSFLPRG-NH2), was identified. A cDNA encoding the peptide was isolated and characterized. Using both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, Hym-355 was shown to be expressed in neurons and hence is a neuropeptide. The peptide was shown to specifically enhance neuron differentiation throughout the animal by inducing interstitial cells to enter the neuron pathway.Further, co-treatment with a PW peptide, which inhibits neuron differentiation, nullified the effects of both peptides, suggesting that they act in an antagonistic manner. This effect is discussed in terms of a feedback mechanism for maintaining the steady state neuron population in Hydra.

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“…The latter authors also observed a large circumferential bundle of neurites in a cross-section of the nerve ring. In Hydra oligactis , the ring was observed clearly with an antiserum against a neuropeptide, RFamide [Grimmelikhuijzen, 1985] and with two neuron-specific monoclonal antibodies, JD1 [Dunne et al, 1985] and RC9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…JD1 is specific to sensory cells in a hypostome of H. oligactis and RC9 to ganglion cells throughout the body [Dunne et al, 1985;Yaross et al, 1986] cates that the nerve ring is a heterogeneous nervous structure composed of many different subpopulations showing different phenotypes [Koizumi et al, 1992].…”

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confidence: 99%

Nerve Ring of the Hypostome in Hydra: Is It an Origin of the Central Nervous System of Bilaterian Animals?

Koizumi¹

2007

Brain Behav Evol

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A hypothesis, ‘the nerve ring in hydra shares a common origin with the central nervous system in bilaterian animals’, is discussed in this review. The nerve ring of hydra is a ring of neurons whose neurites make a bundle running circumferentially around the hypostome just above the tentacle zone. This nervous structure has unique features in the hydra nervous system. It shows a tight association of neurons in contrast to the diffuse nerve net seen in other regions. It shows static developmental characters in contrast to the dynamic features of hydra nerve net present in other regions. Moreover, its structure and location are similar to the central nervous system (CNS) of other animals without a complex CNS such as nematodes and starfishes. Functions of the hydra nerve ring are also studied to test the hypothesis. The identified function is a crumpling of the tentacles, corresponding to the function of the inner nerve ring of hydrozoan jellyfish. The jellyfish nerve ring is considered to be a primitive central nervous system of radiates. Considering all the information available, the hypothesis is highly possible.

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A subset of cells in the nerve net of Hydra oligactis defined by a monoclonal antibody: Its arrangement and development

Cited by 72 publications

References 37 publications

Coordinated modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated ion channels in Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Coordinated modulation of cellular signaling through ligand-gated ion channels in Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

A novel neuropeptide, Hym-355, positively regulates neuron differentiation in Hydra

Nerve Ring of the Hypostome in Hydra: Is It an Origin of the Central Nervous System of Bilaterian Animals?

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