A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Resonator Sensor for Dual-Band Complex Permittivity Measurement

Chen, Qian; Long, Zhuo; Shinohara, Naoki; Liu, Changjun

doi:10.3390/pr10040708

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As a result, SIWs are widely used in RF systems and antenna arrays owing to their advantages of low cost and ease of integration. SIWs can be fabricated using printed circuit boards, low-temperature co-fired ceramics, and other manufacturing processes [ 13 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method was selected to deal with distributed problems, microwave theoretical analysis, and calculations owing to its advantages of high-speed dynamic response and memory ability. The learning procedure started by inputting a set of tabulating data consisting of f o and Q u extracted from the simulated results, and stopped when the relationship between the calculated relative permittivity and the simulated values of the resonant frequency and Q-factor was mapped [ 13 ]. The real and imaginary parts of the relative complex permittivity could be computed by entering the values of the measured f o and Q u after establishing a two-input, two-output model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Complex Permittivity for Rapid Detection of Liquid Concentration Using a Reusable Octagon-Shaped Resonator Sensor

2023

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Substrate-integrated waveguides (SIWs) are widely used in microwave systems owing to their low cost and ease of integration. In this study, an SIW-based resonator that reacts to the complex permittivity variation of solutions with dimensions of 79.2 mm × 59.8 mm is introduced. This octagon-shaped sensor can be installed on a preliminary monitoring system to test water quality by observing the parameter variations caused by external factors. The resonant structure was used to test different concentrations of ethanol–water and acetone–water mixtures for verification. The resonant frequency and quality factor (Q-factor) were found to vary with the relative complex permittivity of the liquid in the S-band, and the electric field distribution varied when liquid droplets were placed in the center of the substrate. The designed sensor operates at 2.45 GHz in the air, and the observed minimum resonant frequency shift with liquid was 15 MHz. The measurement error was approximately 3.1%, and the results reveal a relationship between the resonant frequency and temperature as well. Considering the observed sources of error, the measured relative permittivity is consistent with the actual values. The proposed sensor is economically convenient and suitable for various test environments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Complex Permittivity for Rapid Detection of Liquid Concentration Using a Reusable Octagon-Shaped Resonator Sensor

2023

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“…Network parameter methods offer relatively high accuracy over a wide frequency band and require less sample preparation than resonant methods [18], and therefore, are suitable for the measurement of permittivity of high-loss materials. In resonant methods, electromagnetic parameters are measured by changing the resonant frequency and quality factor when a sample is inserted into a measurement cell [19,20]. Resonant methods have high measurement accuracy, but the measurement frequency is only a single point, which is widely used in the measurement of permittivity of low-loss materials [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Microwave Heating and Permittivity Measurement System Based on Oblique Aperture Ridge Waveguide

Gou

Chen

Dong

et al. 2023

Sensors

Self Cite

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In this paper, an oblique aperture ridge waveguide operating at 2450 MHz is proposed, and, using the ridge waveguide, a permittivity measurement system is constructed which can measure the permittivity of materials during microwave heating. The system calculates the amplitudes of the scattering parameters by using the forward, reflected and transmitted powers of the power meters, and it reconstructs the permittivity of the material by combining the scattering parameters with an artificial neural network. The system is used to measure the complex permittivity of mixed solutions of methanol and ethanol with different ratios at room temperature, and the permittivity of methanol and ethanol with increasing temperature, from room temperature to 50 °C. The measured results are in good agreement with the reference data. The system allows simultaneous measurement of the permittivity with microwave heating and provides real-time, rapid changes in the permittivity during heating, avoiding thermal runaway and providing a reference for applications of microwave energy in the chemical industry.

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Ultrasensitive miniaturized planar microwave sensor for characterization of water–alcohol mixtures

Javadizadeh,

Badieirostami,

Shahabadi

2023

Sci Rep

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Designing a low-cost, compact, yet sensitive planar microwave sensor for complex permittivity measurement is highly desired for numerous applications though quite challenging. Here, in this research, an ultrasensitive planar microwave sensor is proposed which is based on an electric LC structure. The core sensor was fabricated on an FR-4 substrate using a simple fabrication process, then integrated within a polymethylmethacrylate microfluidic channel for straightforward liquid delivery to the sensing region. The resonance frequency of the bare sensor was designed to occur at 4.14 GHz while empty and shifted to 0.88 GHz when deionized water flows into the channel. The sensor response has been characterized for different mixture ratios of methanol and ethanol with deionized water. Next, the complex permittivity of the resulted binary mixtures has been extracted by the Debye model through a least square fitting method. The calculated average sensitivity is 1.45% which stands above most of sensors reported in the literature. Besides, the sensor has a small footprint with dimensions of 3.6 × 3.8 mm$$^2$$ 2 making it a suitable candidate for integration with point-of-care testing devices.

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A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Resonator Sensor for Dual-Band Complex Permittivity Measurement

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Measurement of Complex Permittivity for Rapid Detection of Liquid Concentration Using a Reusable Octagon-Shaped Resonator Sensor

Measurement of Complex Permittivity for Rapid Detection of Liquid Concentration Using a Reusable Octagon-Shaped Resonator Sensor

Design of a Microwave Heating and Permittivity Measurement System Based on Oblique Aperture Ridge Waveguide

Ultrasensitive miniaturized planar microwave sensor for characterization of water–alcohol mixtures

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