A supernova at Z = 0.458 and implications for measuring the cosmological deceleration

Perlmutter, S.; Pennypacker, C. R.; Goldhaber, G.; Goobar, A.; Müller, Rolf; Newberg, Heidi Jo; Desai, J.; Kim, A. G.; Kim, M. Y.; Small, I.; Boyle, B. J.; Crawford, C. S.; McMahon, R. G.; Bunclark, P.; Carter, D.; Irwin, M. J.; Terlevich, Elena; Ellis, Richard S.; Glazebrook, Karl; Couch, W.; Mould, Jeremy; Small, Todd; Abraham, Roberto

doi:10.1086/187756

Cited by 126 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

101

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The spectroscopic capabilities of the available 4m telescopes were marginal for the faintness of the objects (Nørgaard-Nielsen et al 1989, Hansen et al 1989, Schmidt et al 1998, Riess et al 1998. A large project to search for distant SNe Ia was initiated in the early 1990s in Berkeley (Perlmutter et al 1991) and yielded first results on seven objects (several without spectroscopy and insufficient colour coverage Perlmutter et al 1995). As a result the inferred cosmology was not correct (Perlmutter et al 1997).…”

Section: The Expansion History Of the Universementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following years saw the emergence of vastly improved search techniques, the advent of 8m and 10m telescopes -greatly improving the quality of the spectroscopic confirmations, refined analysis methods taking many contaminating effects into account and the delivery of a surprise. With the proof of concept from the early searches the new projects, the Supernova Cosmology Project (Perlmutter et al 1995, Knop et al 2003, Hook et al 2005) and the High-z Supernova Search Team (Schmidt et al 1998, Riess et al 1997, Garnavich et al 1998a,b, Riess et al 2000, Coil et al 2000, Tonry et al 2003, Williams et al 2003, Clocchiatti et al 2006), started to provide astonishing evidence that the distant SNe Ia appeared fainter than predicted in a massless, empty universe. Early criticism of these results concentrated on difficulties with photometric accuracy of the faint sources, the treatment of the dust absorption in the host galaxy of the supernova, possible secular evolution of the supernovae over time, uncertainties in the normalisation of the peak luminosity of the SNe Ia and the, at the time still fairly small, sample size of distant objects, which could lead to sample biases or Malmquist effects (see Leibundgut 2001 for a summary of these early problems).…”

Section: The Expansion History Of the Universementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Supernovae and cosmology

Leibundgut

2007

Gen Relativ Gravit

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The extreme luminosity and their fairly unique temporal behaviour have made supernovae a superb tool to measure distances in the universe. As complex astrophysical events they provide interesting insights into explosion physics, explosive nucleosynthesis, hydrodynamics of the explosion and radiation transport. They are an end product of stellar evolution and provide clues to the stellar composition. Since they can be observed at large distances they have become critical probes to further explore astrophysical effects, like dust properties in external galaxies and the star formation history of galaxies. Some of the astrophysics interferes with the cosmological applications of supernovae. The local velocity field, distorted by the gravitational attraction of the local large scale structure, and the reddening law appear at the moment the major limitations in the accuracy with which cosmological parameters can be determined. These absorption effects can introduce a secondary bias into the observations of the distant supernovae, which needs to be carefully evaluated. Supernovae have been used for the measurement of the Hubble constant, i.e. the current expansion rate of the universe, and the accelerated cosmic expansion directly inferred from the apparent faintness of the distant supernovae.

show abstract

Section: The Expansion History Of the Universementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Expansion History Of the Universementioning

confidence: 99%

Supernovae and cosmology

Leibundgut

2007

Gen Relativ Gravit

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The SCP published the initial result (Perlmutter et al 1995a), based on a single object, SN 1992bi at z = 0.458: Ω M = 0.2 ± 0.6 ± 1.1 (assuming that Ω Λ = 0). The SCP's analysis of their first seven objects (Perlmutter et al 1997) suggested a much larger value of Ω M = 0.88±0.6 (if Ω Λ = 0) or Ω M = 0.94 ± 0.3 (if Ω total = 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the pioneering work of Norgaard-Nielsen et al (1989), whose goal was to find SNe in moderate-redshift clusters of galaxies, the SCP (Perlmutter et al 1995a(Perlmutter et al , 1997) and the HZT (Schmidt et al 1998) devised a strategy that almost guarantees the discovery of many faint, distant SNe Ia "on demand," during a predetermined set of nights. This "batch" approach to studying distant SNe allows follow-up spectroscopy and photometry to be scheduled in advance, resulting in a systematic study not possible with random discoveries.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Type Ia Supernovae and Cosmology

Suntzeff

2003

Stellar Candles for the Extragalactic Distance Scale

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

I discuss the use of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) for cosmological distance determinations. Low-redshift SNe Ia (z < ∼ 0.1) demonstrate that the Hubble expansion is linear with H0 = 72 ± 8 km s −1 Mpc −1 , and that the properties of dust in other galaxies are generally similar to those of dust in the Milky Way. The light curves of high-redshift (z = 0.3-1) SNe Ia are stretched in a manner consistent with the expansion of space; similarly, their spectra exhibit slower temporal evolution (by a factor of 1 + z) than those of nearby SNe Ia. The measured luminosity distances of SNe Ia as a function of redshift have shown that the expansion of the Universe is currently accelerating, probably due to the presence of repulsive dark energy such as Einstein's cosmological constant (Λ). From about 200 SNe Ia, we find that H0t0 = 0.96 ± 0.04, and ΩΛ − 1.4ΩM = 0.35 ± 0.14. Combining our data with the results of large-scale structure surveys, we find a best fit for ΩM and ΩΛ of 0.28 and 0.72, respectively -essentially identical to the recent WMAP results (and having comparable precision). The sum of the densities, ∼ 1.0, agrees with extensive measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation, including WMAP, and coincides with the value predicted by most inflationary models for the early Universe: the Universe is flat on large scales. A number of possible systematic effects (dust, supernova evolution) thus far do not seem to eliminate the need for ΩΛ > 0. However, during the past few years some very peculiar low-redshift SNe Ia have been discovered, and we must be mindful of possible systematic effects if such objects are more abundant at high redshifts. Recently, analyses of SNe Ia at z = 1.0-1.7 provide further support for current acceleration, and give tentative evidence for an early epoch of deceleration. The dynamical age of the Universe is estimated to be 13.1 ± 1.5 Gyr, consistent with the ages of globular star clusters and with the WMAP result of 13.7 ± 0.2 Gyr. According to the most recent data sets, the SN Ia rate at z > 1 is several times greater than that at low redshifts, presumably because of higher star formation rates long ago. Moreover, the typical delay time from progenitor star formation to SN Ia explosion appears to be substantial, ∼ 3 Gyr. Current projects include the search for additional SNe Ia at z > 1 to confirm 2 the early deceleration, and the measurement of a few hundred SNe Ia at z = 0.2-0.8 to more accurately determine the equation-of-state parameter of the dark energy, w = P/(ρc 2 ), whose value is now constrained by SNe Ia to be in the range −1.48 < ∼ w < ∼ − 0.72 at 95% confidence.

show abstract

“…High-redshift supernova searches have been proceeding since the late 1980's (Norgaard-Nielsen et al 1989;Couch et al 1989;Perlmutter et al 1995Perlmutter et al , 1997Perlmutter et al , 1998Perlmutter et al , 1999Schmidt et al 1998;Riess et al 1998;Tonry et al 2003;Knop et al 2003;Riess et al 2004). Particularly since the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe, the high-redshift supernova methodology for measuring cosmological parameters has been critically scrutinized for sources of systematic uncertainty.…”

Section: Sources Of Systematic Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%