A Survey Addressing On-Chip Interconnect: Energy and Reliability Considerations

Postman, Jacob; Chiang, Patrick

doi:10.5402/2012/916259

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As mentioned above, the WNoC scenario has very challenging end-to-end latency requirements in the range of subµs [98] with high reliability (typical Bit-Error-Ratios (BERs) lower than 10 −15 [98], [110] to compete with that of onchip wires). As the chips are generally shielded, security issues related to on-chip communication are not of paramount importance.…”

Section: On-chip Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking: A Top-Down Perspective

Lemić

Abadal

Tavernier

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

109

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Recent developments in nanotechnology herald nanometer-sized devices expected to bring light to a number of groundbreaking applications. Communication with and among nanodevices will be needed for unlocking the full potential of such applications. As the traditional communication approaches cannot be directly applied in nanocommunication, several alternative paradigms have emerged. Among them, electromagnetic nanocommunication in the terahertz (THz) frequency band is particularly promising, mainly due to the breakthrough of novel materials such as graphene. For this reason, numerous research efforts are nowadays targeting THz band nanocommunication and consequently nanonetworking. As it is expected that these trends will continue in the future, we see it beneficial to summarize the current status in these research domains. In this survey, we therefore aim to provide an overview of the current THz nanocommunication and nanonetworking research. Specifically, we discuss the applications envisioned to be supported by nanonetworks operating in the THz band, together with the requirements that such applications pose on the underlying nanonetworks. Subsequently, we provide an overview of the current contributions on the different layers of the protocol stack, as well as the available channel models and experimentation tools. As the final contribution, we identify a number of open research challenges and outline several potential future research directions.

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Section: On-chip Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking: A Top-Down Perspective

Lemić

Abadal

Tavernier

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

109

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“…On the other hand, the ACDMA crossbars adopt parallel binary signaling to carry the crossbar sum instead of multilevel or analog signaling which enhances their robustness. According to [14], while full-swing digital implementations have typically been able to assume BER values less than 10 −15 over the operating range of voltages and frequencies, this assumption does not hold true for custom low-swing interconnects and modern deep sub-micron circuits.…”

Section: Acdma Communication Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregated CDMA Crossbar With Hybrid ARQ for NoCs

Farag

Ahmed

2022

IEEE Access

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Network-on-Chips (NoCs) are the dominant interconnection technique in modern Systemon-Chips (SoCs). NoC routers constitute the physical layer of on-chip interconnects while the medium access technique utilized in NoC routers profoundly impacts the performance and footprint of the router. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is one of the prominent access techniques employed in the physical layer crossbar of NoC routers. Adopted from the wireless communications realm, the CDMA-based crossbar relies on spreading the transmitted data bit on the physical channel using orthogonal codes, summing the data spread from various transmitters, then decoding the received sum using correlation decoders to extract the sent binary bit. However, due to multiple access interference and random channel effects notorious in wireless communications and following the same exact approach in on-chip CDMA interconnects, existing CDMA crossbars are bit-wise architectures where binary data bits are spread and serially communicated on an exclusive digital channel while replicating this configuration to communicate multi-bit packets which increases the crossbar area overhead. We advance an elegant modification to improve the area and power consumption of the classical CDMA crossbars. Aggregated CDMA (ACDMA) relies on high wiring density in modern SoCs in addition to its static nature and relative noise immunity to improve the classical CDMA crossbar architecture by aggregating the transmission of multiple data bits on the same channel which reduces the overhead of ordinary CDMA-based NoCs. In this work, the ACDMA mathematical foundations, crossbar hardware architecture, and full NoC realizations are presented. The implementation results on the 65 nm standardcell ASIC technology show a significant improvement in the resource utilization and power consumption of the ACDMA crossbar and ACDMA-based NoCs compared to the ordinary CDMA and CONNECT NoC counterparts. Moreover, the ACDMA interconnect reliability in AWGN channels is studied and improved using a hybrid ARQ approach tailored to the ACDMA crossbar.

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“…As mentioned above, the WNoC scenario has very challenging end-to-end latency requirements in the range of subµs [49] with high reliability (typical Bit-Error-Ratios (BERs) lower than 10 −15 [49], [56] to compete with that of onchip wires). As the chips are generally shielded, security issues related to on-chip communication are not of paramount importance.…”

Section: On-chip Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking: A Top-Down Perspective

Lemić¹,

Abadal²,

Tavernier³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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2019 1 THz communication Features of the THz band; THz macro and nanoscale applications; design requirements for THz MAC protocols; classification of existing MAC protocols; open challenges for MAC protocols. Alsheikh et al. [15] 2016 THz nanocommunication Existing MAC protocols for WNSN; performance analysis and design guidelines for WNSN MAC protocols. Petrov et al. [14] 2016 THz communication SotA in THz band communication; engineering trade-offs in typical applications; open challenges and research directions in THz band communication. Dressler et al. [19] 2015 Internet of Nano-Things Bridging the outside world and in-body nanonodes for health-care applications; IoNT network architectures; simulation tools for in-body nanonetworks. Miraz et al. [20] 2015 Internet of Nano-Things Short overview and future research directions pertaining to the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE), and IoNT. Akyildiz et al. [21] 2015 Internet of Nano-Things Introduction to the Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT); bridging the outside world and the IoBNT; open challenges in the IoBNT. Akyildiz et al. [12] 2014 THz communication SotA in THz band transceivers and antennas; open challenges from communication and networking perspectives. Akyildiz et al. [13] 2014 THz communication THz band applications at macro and nanoscale; SotA in THz band transceivers and antennas; open challenges from communication and networking perspectives; simulation and experimentation tools for THz band communication. Balasubramaniam et al. [18] 2013 Internet of Nano-Things Challenges in realizing the IoNT (data collection and routing, bridging the outside world and nanonetworks, etc.); possible IoNT applications. Rikhtegar et al. [3] 2013 THz nanocommunication Molecular and electromagnetic (THz) communication for nanoscale applications; summary of nanoscale communication paradigms and potential applications. Jornet et al.[22] 2012 Internet of Nano-Things SotA, open challenges, and research directions in the THz nanocommunication and Internet of Multimedia Nano-Things (IoMNT). Akyildiz et al. [7] 2010 THz nanocommunication SotA in nanodevice technology; summaries of WNSN applications and architectures; overview of nanocommunication and networking challenges. Akyildiz et al. [17] 2010 Internet of Nano-Things SotA in THz nanocommunication for the IoNT; research challenges (channel modeling, information encoding, and protocols for the IoNT).

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A Survey Addressing On-Chip Interconnect: Energy and Reliability Considerations

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking: A Top-Down Perspective

Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking: A Top-Down Perspective

Aggregated CDMA Crossbar With Hybrid ARQ for NoCs

Survey on Terahertz Nanocommunication and Networking: A Top-Down Perspective

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