“…A wide range of new machine learning techniques have been explored, including recommendation systems [13], ranking methods [14,15], generative models [10,16], ensemble models [17,18,19,20,21], and deep learning approaches [22,23,24,25,26], with some incorporating novel design ideas such as attention [27] and visual representation of genomic features [28]. A number of excellent review articles have recently been published on the topic of drug response prediction, with substantial overlap and special emphases on data integration [29], feature selection [30], experimental comparison [31], machine learning methods [32], systematic benchmarking [33], combination therapy [34], deep learning results [35], and meta-review [36]. Despite the tremendous progress in drug response prediction, significant challenges remain: (1) Inconsistencies across studies in genomic and response profiling have long been documented [37,38,39,40].…”