A Survey of Blockchain-Based Strategies for Healthcare

Aguiar, Erikson Júlio de; Faiçal, Bruno S.; Krishnamachari, Bhaskar; Ueyama, Jó

doi:10.1145/3376915

Cited by 197 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The blockchain has significant utility in various areas of the healthcare domain, e.g., secure data sharing among various healthcare entities, maintenance of healthcare records, remote monitoring of patients, pharmaceutical supply chain management, and health insurance claims, among many other areas [ 19 , 36 , 37 ]. The blockchain enables various key features in healthcare, such as a fine-grained access control mechanism for secure access to healthcare records, the needed distributed trust among various healthcare entities (patients, healthcare professionals, hospital administration, and service providers), authentication, traceability, process tracking and monitoring, and data privacy protection [ 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-BlockEdge: Blockchain-Edge Framework for Reliable Low-Latency Digital Healthcare Applications

Ejaz

Kumar

Kovacevic

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The rapid evolution of technology allows the healthcare sector to adopt intelligent, context-aware, secure, and ubiquitous healthcare services. Together with the global trend of an aging population, it has become highly important to propose value-creating, yet cost-efficient digital solutions for healthcare systems. These solutions should provide effective means of healthcare services in both the hospital and home care scenarios. In this paper, we focused on the latter case, where the goal was to provide easy-to-use, reliable, and secure remote monitoring and aid for elderly persons at their home. We proposed a framework to integrate the capabilities of edge computing and blockchain technology to address some of the key requirements of smart remote healthcare systems, such as long operating times, low cost, resilience to network problems, security, and trust in highly dynamic network conditions. In order to assess the feasibility of our approach, we evaluated the performance of our framework in terms of latency, power consumption, network utilization, and computational load, compared to a scenario where no blockchain was used.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-BlockEdge: Blockchain-Edge Framework for Reliable Low-Latency Digital Healthcare Applications

Ejaz

Kumar

Kovacevic

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Previous research recommends that IoT needs to shift away from centralization point of control [81]. Approaches based on Blockchain introduce overhead and performance issues [82,83]. Therefore, developing a standardised approach is required to define IoT data.…”

Section: A Summary Of Shortcomings Of Existing Distributed Intelligenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Intelligence in the Internet of Things: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2021

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Widespread adoption of smart IoT devices is accelerating research for new techniques to make IoT applications secure, scalable, energy-efficient, and capable of working in mission-critical use cases, which require an ability to function offline. In this context, the novel combination of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and distributed intelligence (DI) is seen as a practical route towards the decentralisation of IoT architectures. This paper surveys DI techniques in IoT and commences by briefly explaining the need for DI, by proposing a comprehensive taxonomy of DI in IoT. This taxonomy is then used to review existing techniques and to investigate current challenges that require careful attention and consideration. Based on the taxonomy, IoT DI techniques can be classified into five categories based on the factors that support distributed functionality and data acquisition: cloud-computing, mist-computing, distributed-ledger-technology, service-oriented-computing and hybrid. Existing techniques are compared and categorized mainly based on related challenges, and the level of intelligence supported. We evaluate more than thirty current research efforts in this area. We define many significant functionalities that should be supported by DI frameworks and solutions. Our work assists system architects and developers to select the correct low-level communication techniques in an integrated IoT-to-DLT-to-cloud system architecture. The benefits and shortcomings of different DI approaches are presented, which will inspire future work into automatic hybridization and adaptation of DI mechanisms. Finally, open research issues for distributed intelligence in IoT are discussed.

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“…Smart contracts have been extensively practiced in existing systems that are proposed to digitize healthcare services [21] . More specifically, the existing studies have mainly focused on securing patients’ EHR [16] , [10] , [22] , traceability of COVID-19 outbreak [23] , [24] , [25] , drugs supply chain management [26] , [18] , [27] , [28] , and digitization of telemedicine industry [29] , [30] , [14] . An Ethereum-based telemedicine solution presented in [31] has preserved the integrity of EHR by storing IPFS hashes of EHR in the decentralized network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%