A survey of cardiac auscultatory findings in horses

Patteson, Mark; Cripps, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02982.x

Cited by 79 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…According to Patteson (1996) and Marr & Bowen (2010), systolic ejection murmurs may be auscultaded in 60% and 66% of normal horses respectively, and according to Patteson (1996) they are more evident in athletic horses and foals. Patteson & Cripps (1993) found a high prevalence of systolic ejection murmurs (53%) in racing horses. According to the obtained in this current study, horses showed low frequency of this type of murmur.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auscultatory and electrocardiographic characteristics of Crioulo horses

Schade

Fonteque

2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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In order to determine auscultatory and electrocardiographic characteristics of Crioulo horses, one hundred animals ranging between one and twenty-six years of age (21 stallions, nine geldings, 27 pregnant mares e 43 not pregnant mares) were evaluated. The cardiac auscultation was performed during the clinical examination of the cardiovascular system, evaluating frequency, rate, normal and abnormal heart sounds (heart murmurs). The electrocardiographic examination followed the bipolar base-apex derivative system with animals at rest, by using an ECG-PC TEB equipment. The cardiac frequency, heart rate, morphology, duration, wave and complex amplitudes and interval durations were determined. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests with an error probability of 5%. The cardiac auscultation revealed presence of functional systolic and diastolic murmur (10.00%) and systolic murmur compatible with tricuspid regurgitation besides normal heart sounds S 1 (100.0%), S 2 (100.0%), S 3 (19.0%) and S 4 (34.0%). The cardiac frequency obtained the average of 43.64 bpm, observing significative differences in relation to sexual and age factors and training level. The sinus rhythm was the most frequent (57.00%), followed by sinus tachycardia (38.00%) and sinus arrhythmia (5.00%), being observed rhythm disturbances in 16% of tracings. The P and T waves were observed more frequently in their forms P bifida positive (95.00%) and biphasic T (91.00%), being variable at tracing. There were also observed Q waves in 12.00% of the tracings. Thus, it was concluded that the auscultatory characteristics of Crioulo horses are according to the described in the literature for the species and the sexual factor, category, age factor and training level can influence some electrocardiographic parameters. dos 100 animais (21 garanhões, nove machos castrados, 27 fêmeas prenhes e 43 fêmeas vazias) com idades entre um e 26 anos. A auscultação cardíaca foi realizada junto ao exame clínico do sistema cardiovascular, avaliando-se frequência, ritmo e sons cardíacos normais e anormais (sopros). O exame eletrocardiográfico seguiu o sistema de derivação bipolar base-ápice, com os animais em repouso, utilizando-se um aparelho ECG-PC TEB. Foram determinadas a frequência (FC) e ritmo cardíaco, morfologia, duração e amplitude de ondas e complexos e duração de intervalos. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA e teste Tukey com probabilidade de erro de 5%. A auscultação cardíaca evidenciou além dos sons cardí-acos normais S 1 (100,0%), S 2 (100,0%), S 3 (19,0%) e S 4 (34,0%), presença de sopro funcional sistólico e diastólico

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auscultatory and electrocardiographic characteristics of Crioulo horses

Schade

Fonteque

2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…Das trifft sowohl für die auskultatorisch ermittelten Herzgeräusche, als auch für die häufiger lediglich ultrasonographisch diagnostizierten Rük-kflüsse zu (Young et al 2005). Beim klinisch gesunden Vollblutpferd finden sich Herznebengeräusche aufgrund eines Mitralklappenrückflusses bei 3,5%, und aufgrund eines Trikuspidalklappenrückflusses bei 9% aller Pferde (Patteson und Cripps 1993). In einer weiteren Studie an 111 klinisch gesunden Vollblutpferden wiesen 7,3% der Pferde echokardiographisch messbare Rückflüsse an der Mitralklappe und 12,3% solche an der Trikuspidalklappe auf (Young und Wood 2000b).…”

Section: Materials Und Methodeunclassified

A survey of the frequency and development of heart disease in riding-horses - Part 1: retrospective evaluation (92 - 03) and questionnaires

Gehlen¹,

Goltz²,

Rohn³

et al. 2007

PHK

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ZusammenfassungIn der Studie wurden zunächst retrospektive Auswertungen klinischer, elektro-und echokardiographischer Untersuchungen bei 555 Pferden mit einer Herzerkrankung, die zwischen 1992 und 2003 kardiologisch untersucht wurden, durchgeführt. Von den 555 Pferden hatten 381 Pferde Herzklappenrückflüsse. Am häufigsten wurden Rückflüsse an der Mitralklappe -entweder isoliert (n = 132) oder in Kombination mit einem weiteren Klappenrückfluss (n = 102) -festgestellt. Schlüsselwörter: Pferd, Herzerkrankung, Verlaufsuntersuchung, Herzklappenrückflüsse, Herzarrhythmien A survey of the frequency and development of heart disease in riding-horses -Part 1: retrospective evaluation (1992 -2003) and questionnairesIn this study first of all the frequency of various heart diseases in 555 horses was examined over a period of eleven years ( 4.1 years). The most frequently occurring disease was mitral valve insufficiency, either isolated (n = 132; 24%) or combined with another valve insufficiency (n = 102; 18%). 37 (28%) of the 132 horses with mitral valve insufficiency had a dilated left atrium of more than 13.5 cm at the time of the first examination. 38 horses (7%) showed an isolated, and 45 horses a combined aortic valve insufficiency. 25 horses (5%) had a tricuspid valve insufficiency. 77 horses (14%) showed a tricuspid valve insufficiency accompanied by another valve insufficiency. 42 horses (8%) had regurgitations at more than two valves. 174 of the 555 horses (31%) had a cardiac arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation n: = 133, atrial extra systoles: n = 30, ventricular extra systoles: n = 11). 46 of the 555 horses were euthanatized immidiatly after the examination or after attempted therapy because of a poor prognosis. Of the remaining 509 owners the addresses of 478 were ascertained and these received a questionnaire inquiring about use and symptoms of disease in their horses. 38% of these questionnaires were returned. Although 59% of the horses were described by their owners as free from health problems at the time of the first examination, but only 31% at the time of answering the questionnaires, nevertheless 55% of the owners used their horses after the first cardiological diagnosis on the same level of sport as before the heart disease was discovered. 4% used their horses more intensively in equestrian sport and in the case of the other horses (41%) the demands were reduced. Of the 182 horses 20% showed a perceptible loss of performance. 15 % of the 182 horses were euthanatized at various intervals after the first cardiological examination because of the heart disease. A connection between duration, type and severity of heart disease and length of survival could not be proved.

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“…Cardiac depression and systemic hypotension are commonly observed and related to intraoperative and postoperative complications (Gillespie et al 1969, Grandy et al 1987, Lindsay et al 1989. Cardiac murmurs of functional or pathological origin are frequently detected in horses (Patterson et al 1965, Patteson and Cripps 1993, Marr and Reef 1995 but their clinical significance is strictly linked to the extent of valvular insufficiency and the presence of concomitant pathologic findings Bonagura 1995a, Reef 1998). The use of M-mode, 2D and Doppler echocardiography allows to identify the form of valvular pathology, to semiquantitate the severity of regurgitation and to calculate indexes of cardiac performance (Stadler et al 1994,√Bonagura and Blissitt 1995, Blissitt and Bonagura 1995c, Blissitt and Bonagura 1995b, Blissitt and Bonagura 1995a, Stadler und Robine 1996, Reef 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined general anaesthesia in a horse with tricuspidal regurgitation and transthoracic sonographic monitoring of the cardiac function

Spadavecchia¹,

Trachsel²,

Tschudi³

et al. 2006

PHK

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SummaryA 7 years old colt was scheduled for routine castration. A 4/6 intensity holosystolic murmor was detected at thoracic auscultation during the preanesthetic examination. Transthoracic echocardiography confirmed the suspicion of tricuspidal valve regurgitation and did not reveal any other cardiac pathology. General anaesthesia was performed using a combined inhalation-intravenous protocol, with the horse in dorsal recumbency. Dobutamine was given at a low infusion rates, to maintain mean arterial blood pressure above 70 mmHg. During anaesthesia the cardiac function was repeatedly monitored using transthoracic ultrasonography. An improvement of cardiac contractility and only a small increase in the valve opening size could be detected while the horse was anaesthetized and dorsally recumbent.

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A survey of cardiac auscultatory findings in horses

Cited by 79 publications

References 27 publications

Auscultatory and electrocardiographic characteristics of Crioulo horses

Auscultatory and electrocardiographic characteristics of Crioulo horses

A survey of the frequency and development of heart disease in riding-horses - Part 1: retrospective evaluation (92 - 03) and questionnaires

Combined general anaesthesia in a horse with tricuspidal regurgitation and transthoracic sonographic monitoring of the cardiac function

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