A Survey of Different Cooling Methods for Traction Motor Application

Bourgault, Alexandre J.; Roy, Pratik; Ghosh, Eshaan; Kar, Narayan C.

doi:10.1109/ccece.2019.8861611

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This paper gives an overview of new electric motors and cooling systems, without considering new patents, not mentioned in earlier overview publications (Fig. 1, Table 1) [3,5,8,9]. Based on the gathered information from freely accessible, internal and commercial Air cooled rotor by integrated fan cooling 65 14000 [10,11] 2018 Audi e-tron Induction motors Water cooled rotor shaft and motor housing cooling jacket 135/165 15000 [12,13] 2018 Equipmake APM 200 PMSM Cooling jacket with water-glycol and direct cooled rotor and stator channels with Paratherm™ LR 220 10000 [4,[14][15][16] 2018 Honda i-MMD hybrid powertrain PMSM Rotor shaft, direct cooled rotor, rotor spray cooling and stator dripping cooling with ATF 135 (full powertrain) 13000 [17] 2018 Rimac C_two PMSMs integrated oil cooling for rotor and stator with water/glycol-oil heat exchanger 654/638 10600 [18] 2018 Tesla Model 3 PMSM ATF rotor shaft cooling with radial winding spray cooling and stator yoke cooling channels 192 17900 [19][20][21][22] 2019 GAC Aion S PMSM water cooled housing and ATF rotor shaft and rotor spray cooling 150 14000 [23,24] Mercedes EQC Induction motors water cooled motor housing and rotor shaft 150 ~13000 [25,26] Porsche Taycan PMSMs motor cooling jacket and direct liquid cooled motor 190/335 16000 [27][28][29] 2020 Audi e-tron S Induction Motors Water cooled rotor shaft and motor housing cooling jacket 157/2x138 15000 [30,31] VW ID CROZZ Induction motor Water cooling jacket and rotor and end winding oil spray cooling 75 13500 [32] DOE-Project "U.S. DRIVE 2020" WMSM Rotor and stator spray cooling with ATF ~80 12000 [33,34] e-MoSys project Air cooled rotor and winding heads 30 10000 [35] FEV electric rear axle water c...…”

Section: Overview Of Tractions Motors In Application and Concept Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traction Motor Cooling Systems: A Literature Review and Comparative Study

Gronwald

Kern

2021

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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More efficient cooling systems are an enabler for the increase in power-density in an electric traction motor. Contemplating to existing reviews, this paper presents a comprehensive collection of heat transfer mechanisms for the different heat removal techniques used in electric traction motors. In the first section, an overview of various cooling concepts in existing and future traction motors is presented and the cooling approaches are compared. The following literature review compiles geometry-based calculation formulas of the different mechanisms of cooling heat transfer applied in motor-technology. Furthermore general heat transfer phenomena appearing in electric traction motors are reviewed and compiled for easy access. Various specifically relevant aspects, including rotor shaft cooling, different spray cooling concepts, different air convection phenomena, bearing heat transfer and the stator-housing-contact, are examined in more detail. For validation of the review result, based on a well-known motor design a thermal analysis and comparison of the different cooling methods is carried out. Modeling is done with a lumped parameter thermal networks (LPTN). The paper concludes demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages of the different cooling concepts based on the collection of modeling data.

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Section: Overview Of Tractions Motors In Application and Concept Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common cooling techniques, such as cooling jackets, have been investigated more intensively than e.g. spray cooling or high-speed rotor shaft cooling [3,5]. For the potential analysis of new cooling concepts, the heat transfer mechanisms behind the respective concepts must be examined and understood in more detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traction Motor Cooling Systems: A Literature Review and Comparative Study

Gronwald

Kern

2021

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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“…At present, the cooling methods of high power density vehicle motors mainly include two ways: water cooling and oil cooling methods [5]. Compared to the water cooling method, the direct oil injection cooling method has higher cooling efficiency, because the cooling medium is directly in contact with the hot parts of the motor [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and optimisation of oil injection pipe cooling structure for permanent magnet synchronous motors in hybrid electric vehicles

Xie,

Zhao,

Cai

et al. 2023

IET Electric Power Appl

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In recent years, with the continuous improvement of motor power density, oil cooling technology has been widely used in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for electric vehicles (EVs) as an efficient cooling method. A PMSM with a rated capacity of 53kW for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is designed, and the motor is cooled by the oil injection pipe. In order to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the end winding, the number of injection pipes and the structure of the nozzle are optimised, and a novel nozzle structure is proposed. By using the moving particle solution (MPS) method to simulate the fluid flow, the optimal cooling structure of the motor is determined. In addition, different from the equivalent winding model in the traditional temperature field simulation, a hairpin winding model that can more realistically reflect the geometry of the end winding is established. On this basis, the temperature field of the motor is simulated. It is verified that the cooling structure designed can effectively improve the thermal performance of the end winding.

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“…The actual temperature gradient is large, and the temperature of the end windings is generally much higher than the coolant. To improve the heat dissipation of the end windings and reduce the temperature gradient, direct oil cooling is proposed for automotive traction EMs [9,10]. This direct cooling methodology is usually divided into two types, oil-submerge-cooled and oil-spray-cooled, as shown in Figure 1a,b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Design and Analysis of Oil-Spray-Cooled In-Wheel Motor Using a Two-Phase Computational Fluid Dynamics Method

Huang

Liu

Hu³

et al. 2023

WEVJ

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In-wheel motors for new energy vehicles are close to the brake, which results in a high ambient temperature. Thus, there is a high demand for cooling systems. This paper designs an oil-spray-cooled system based on the flat structural characteristics of an in-wheel motor. A computational fluid dynamics method with a two-phase volume-of-fluid model is applied to simulate the transient process of oil spraying from nozzles onto the stator carrier and then dripping to the end windings. The spatially distributed fluid interfaces with location and shape fidelity are derived. Considering the big difference of thermal inertia between the motor solid and oil fluid, the mixed timescale method is applied to calculate the temperature fields of the fluid and solid. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and tested to verify the proposed oil-cooling system and simulation method.

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A Survey of Different Cooling Methods for Traction Motor Application

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Traction Motor Cooling Systems: A Literature Review and Comparative Study

Traction Motor Cooling Systems: A Literature Review and Comparative Study

Design and optimisation of oil injection pipe cooling structure for permanent magnet synchronous motors in hybrid electric vehicles

Thermal Design and Analysis of Oil-Spray-Cooled In-Wheel Motor Using a Two-Phase Computational Fluid Dynamics Method

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