A Survey of Energy-Efficient Techniques for 5G Networks and Challenges Ahead

Abstract

Abstract-After about a decade of intense research, spurred by both economic and operational considerations, and by environmental concerns, energy efficiency has now become a key pillar in the design of communication networks. With the advent of the fifth generation of wireless networks, with millions more base stations and billions of connected devices, the need for energy-efficient system design and operation will be even more compelling. This survey provides an overview of energy-efficient wireless communications, reviews seminal and recent contribution to the state-of-the-art, including the papers published in this special issue, and discusses the most relevant research challenges to be addressed in the future.

Energy-Efficient Communication in Large Scale Antenna Systems: Impact of Variable User Capacity and Number of Transmission Antennas

“…N T RX and η P A denote the number of transceiver and power efficiency of the amplifier, respectively. It was further shown in some previous works (e.g., State-Of-The-Art (SotA) [17], Market 2014 [19], Improved DTX [20] and Future Model [21]) that the BS power consumption or supply can be approximated by linear function of the transmission power. In this work, we concentrate on the Future Model, and it is summarised in Equation (11) by:…”

Joint transfer of energy and information in a two-hop relay channel

“…(1) does not occur with probability 1 and P (ε (1) ) goes to zero for large enough n. Based on Lemma (2), the probability of the second error event (ε (2) ) goes to zero if: …”

“…We define ε (1) u as the event in which the relay does not receive the codeword of codebook u completely.…”

“…There would be many equipments with large energy consumption in next generation (5G) networks, so energy efficiency will play an important rule in these networks [1].…”

“…The RF energy can be transferred concurrently with the information signal in a wireless system, proposed as simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) [1], [2]. A useful scenario in this case is to use received energy for future transmissions.…”