A survey of EPA/OPP and open literature on selected pesticide chemicals

Dearfield, Kerry L.; McCarroll, Nancy; Protzel, Alberto; Stack, H.Frank; Jackson, Marcus; Waters, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/s1383-5742(99)00019-8

Cited by 104 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…EPA 1986 U.S. EPA 1991; Waters et al 1999), as has been done for several chemicals (e.g., Dearfield et al 1999; McCarroll et al 2002; U.S. EPA 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens

Barton

Cogliano

Flowers

et al. 2005

Environ Health Perspect

107

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Cancer risk assessment methods currently assume that children and adults are equally susceptible to exposure to chemicals. We reviewed available scientific literature to determine whether this was scientifically supported. We identified more than 50 chemicals causing cancer after perinatal exposure. Human data are extremely limited, with radiation exposures showing increased early susceptibility at some tumor sites. Twenty-seven rodent studies for 18 chemicals had sufficient data after postnatal and adult exposures to quantitatively estimate potential increased susceptibility from early-life exposure, calculated as the ratio of juvenile to adult cancer potencies for three study types: acute dosing, repeated dosing, and lifetime dosing. Twelve of the chemicals act through a mutagenic mode of action. For these, the geometric mean ratio was 11 for lifetime exposures and 8.7 for repeat exposures, with a ratio of 10 for these studies combined. The geometric mean ratio for acute studies is 1.5, which was influenced by tissue-specific results [geometric mean ratios for kidney, leukemia, liver, lymph, mammary, nerve, reticular tissue, thymic lymphoma, and uterus/vagina > 1 (range, 1.6–8.1); forestomach, harderian gland, ovaries, and thyroid < 1 (range, 0.033–0.45)]. Chemicals causing cancer through other modes of action indicate some increased susceptibility from postnatal exposure (geometric mean ratio is 3.4 for lifetime exposure, 2.2 for repeat exposure). Early exposures to compounds with endocrine activity sometimes produce different tumors after exposures at different ages. These analyses suggest increased susceptibility to cancer from early-life exposure, particularly for chemicals acting through a mutagenic mode of action.

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“…EPA 1986 U.S. EPA 1991; Waters et al 1999), as has been done for several chemicals (e.g., Dearfield et al 1999; McCarroll et al 2002; U.S. EPA 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens

Barton

Cogliano

Flowers

et al. 2005

Environ Health Perspect

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It may also have induced glutathione-dependent cytotoxicity in cultured animal and human cells [13]. The mutagenicity of acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, and metolachlor has been reviewed thoroughly [14]. Acetochlor was classified as likely to be carcinogenic to humans [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation of Acetochlor in Soil and Water Systems by Cyanobacterial Mat

El‐Nahhal¹,

Awad²,

Safi³

2013

IJG

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This study investigated the bioremediation of organic pollution in soil and water systems by cyanobacterial mats collected from Wadi Gaza. Acetochlor, a model compound of herbicide, was used as a standard organic pollutant. Various concentrations of acetochlor were injected in soil and water samples pre-treated with cyanobacterial mat for several periods of time. Percentage of growth of wheat as a test plant was taken as indicator of bioremediation of acetochlor. Results showed that acetochlor was degraded in both soil and water systems. Degradation was much faster in the water system than in the soil system. Concentrations of acetochlor above the field rate did not affect the bioremediation process in the water system whereas it did in soil pots. Furthermore, bioremediation in water system was nearly completed in 15 days whereas it did not reach high percentage in the soil system. These encouraging results are new contribution in field of bioremediation of pesticide by cyanobacterial mats and suggest that application of cyanobacterial mat could be a fast and suitable methodology for bioremediation of organic pollutant in the ecosystem.

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“…[14−17] Some of the widely used pesticides such as organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids are reported to have genotoxic effects in human, animal and bacterial systems. [18,19] According to the KY Pesticide Consumption Survey data of 2007, chlorpyriphos, endosulfan and thiram were the most widely used pesticides in KY. In actual farming, even though not all the pesticides used in the present study are applied together, there is a strong likelihood of their residue and bio-transformed products being present in the farm environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of protective effects of sulforaphane on DNA damage caused by exposure to low levels of pesticide mixture using comet assay

Topè

Rogers

2009

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential risk of DNA damage due to exposure to a mixture of the most widely used pesticides, namely endosulfan, chlorpyriphos and thiram at an environmentally relevant concentration (5 microM each) and the DNA protective capacity of sulforaphane (SFN) (10-30 microg/mL). DNA damage in human lymphocytes was ascertained with Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE), also called Comet Assay. For positive control, H(2)O(2) at 100 mM was used. The pesticide mixture produced DNA damage at the concentration used in the lymphocytes. SFN was able to offer a statistically significant (P < 0.01), concentration-dependant protection to DNA damage between 10-20 microg/mL in both the pre-incubation and co-incubation strategies. The results indicate that exposure to low levels of these pesticide mixtures can induce DNA damage, and the presence of SFN in diet may reduce the incidence of genetic damage, especially in farm workers. However, it is not clear whether SFN is involved in quenching of the free radicals generated by the pesticide mixture or it is involved in DNA repair mechanism.

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A survey of EPA/OPP and open literature on selected pesticide chemicals

Cited by 104 publications

References 24 publications

Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens

Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens

Bioremediation of Acetochlor in Soil and Water Systems by Cyanobacterial Mat

Evaluation of protective effects of sulforaphane on DNA damage caused by exposure to low levels of pesticide mixture using comet assay

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