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This paper introduces a new multiclass classifier called the evolving Fuzzy Classifier (eFC). Starting its knowledge base from scratch, the eFC structure evolves based on a clustering algorithm that can add, merge, delete, or update clusters (= rules) simultaneously while providing class predictions. The procedure to add clusters uses the procrastination idea to prevent outliers from affecting the quality of learning. Two pruning mechanisms are used to maintain a concise and compact structure. In the first, redundant clusters are merged based on a similarity measure, and in the second, obsolete and unrepresentative clusters are excluded based on an inactivity strategy. The center of the clusters is adjusted based on the mean value of the attributes. The eFC model was evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art evolving fuzzy systems on 8 randomly selected data streams from the UCI and Kaggle repositories. The experimental results indicate that the eFC outperforms or is at least comparable to alternative state-of-the-art models. Specifically, the eFC achieved an average accuracy of 7% to 37% higher than the competing classifiers. The results and comparisons demonstrate that the eFC is a promising alternative for classification tasks in non-stationary environments, offering good accuracy, a compact structure, low computational cost, and efficient processing time.
This paper introduces a new multiclass classifier called the evolving Fuzzy Classifier (eFC). Starting its knowledge base from scratch, the eFC structure evolves based on a clustering algorithm that can add, merge, delete, or update clusters (= rules) simultaneously while providing class predictions. The procedure to add clusters uses the procrastination idea to prevent outliers from affecting the quality of learning. Two pruning mechanisms are used to maintain a concise and compact structure. In the first, redundant clusters are merged based on a similarity measure, and in the second, obsolete and unrepresentative clusters are excluded based on an inactivity strategy. The center of the clusters is adjusted based on the mean value of the attributes. The eFC model was evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art evolving fuzzy systems on 8 randomly selected data streams from the UCI and Kaggle repositories. The experimental results indicate that the eFC outperforms or is at least comparable to alternative state-of-the-art models. Specifically, the eFC achieved an average accuracy of 7% to 37% higher than the competing classifiers. The results and comparisons demonstrate that the eFC is a promising alternative for classification tasks in non-stationary environments, offering good accuracy, a compact structure, low computational cost, and efficient processing time.
We realize that a Sierpiński arrowhead curve (SAC) fills a Sierpiński gasket (SG) in the same manner as a Peano curve fills a square. Namely, in the limit of an infinite number of iterations, the fractal SAC remains self-avoiding, such that SAC⊂SG. Therefore, SAC differs from SG in the same sense as the self-avoiding Peano curve PC⊂0,12 differs from the square. In particular, the SG has three-line segments constituting a regular triangle as its border, whereas the border of SAC has the structure of a totally disconnected fat Cantor set. Thus, in contrast to the SG, which has loops at all scales, the SAC is loopless. Consequently, although both patterns have the same similarity dimension D=ln3/ln2, their connectivity dimensions are different. Specifically, the connectivity dimension of the self-avoiding SAC is equal to its topological dimension dlSAC=d=1, whereas the connectivity dimension of the SG is equal to its similarity dimension, that is, dlSG=D. Therefore, the dynamic properties of SG and SAC are also different. Some other noteworthy features of the Sierpiński triangle are also highlighted.
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