A Survey of Helminths of the Muskrat, Ondatra z. zibethica Miller, 1912, in Portage County, Ohio

Beckett, Joseph; Gallicchio, Vincent S.

doi:10.2307/3276676

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…But, since we found a greater number of examples where they acquire the species richness we observe for other aquatic vertebrates, this is not universally true (e.g. Ondatra zibethicus (Beckett and Gallicchio, 1967;Rigby and Threlfall, 1981); Eumetopias jubatus (Stroud and Dailey, 1978;Shults, 1986)). In fact, the major patterns suggest the importance of ecological determinants.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Patternsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Ecological versus phylogenetic determinants of helminth parasite community richness

1990

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SummaryWe examine patterns of community richness among intestinal parasitic helminth communities in fishes, herptiles, birds and mammals with respect to the comparative number of component species in a host population. We show that terrestrial hosts have, on average, fewer component species than aquatic hosts. We also show that the mean number of component species in aquatic hosts increases from fishes through herptiles to birds before declining slightly in mammals. For terrestrial hosts, the mean number of component species increases from herptiles, through birds, reaching a maximum in mammals. We conclude that: (i) habitat of the host is more important in determining community richness than is host phylogeny; (ii) the phenomenon of 'host capture' may be largely responsible for increased species richness in some host groups; (iii) aquatic birds harbour the richest intestinal helminth communities; and (iv) as we interpret them, our data refute the time hypothesis, which would predict that fishes as the oldest lifestyle should have the richest helminth communities.

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Section: Interpretation Of Patternsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Ecological versus phylogenetic determinants of helminth parasite community richness

1990

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“…No information is available on the pathogenicity of this parasite. Apart from the epidemiological and molecular findings on Notocotylidae members that have already been demonstrated by other researchers (Smith 1954;Beckett and Gallicchio 1967;Beverley-Burton and Sweeny 1972;Wittrock 1976;Shuteev 1977;Radlett 1980;MacKinnon 1982;Schuster 1986;Namue and Wongsawad 1997;Seegers et al 1997;Kinsella and Tkach 2005;Flores and Brugni 2003;Kirillova and Kirillov 2009;Birmani et al 2011;Chaisiri et al 2011;Yousif et al 2011;Boyce et al 2012;Detwiler et al 2012;Iwaki et al 2012;Skála et al 2014), there is a paucity of information on the morphology of Q. quinqueserialis using light and electron microscopy (Rausch 1952;Kinsella 1971;Beverley-Burton et al 1976;Wittrock 1986). For the first time, the present SEM study provides more details of this trematode, removed from the intestine of an infected muskrat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Tegumental ultrastructure of adult Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis (Trematoda: Notocotylidae): an intestinal parasite of muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

Naem

Smythe

2015

Parasitol Res

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Ten adult Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis specimens were removed from the intestine of a naturally infected muskrat, and scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological characteristics of the trematodes. The mature trematode, which was easy to recognize by the monostome holdfast organ, with no anterior cone, measured 2200-2500 μm in length by 900-1050 μm in width. The body was elongated and tapering at the anterior end, but the posterior end was rounded, and in some specimens was slightly truncated. The mouth opening lay at the anterior end and was surrounded by the oral sucker, which was round, small to medium in size, and subterminal. The tegument of the rim and inside of the oral sucker was smooth and had two types of papillae, domed and rosette papillae. Around the oral sucker, tegument was covered with sharp, pointed spines. The common genital pore was located on the median line of the body, posterior to the oral sucker. The cirrus had smooth tegument at the base and was armed with numerous conical spines throughout its length. The ventral surface was concave and provided with five distinct longitudinal rows of ventral papillae, which extended from the anterior to the posterior end of the body. Each row consisted of 15 to 20 papillae, making 81 to 88 papillae in all. These papillae were variable in size. In most specimens, the papillae were simple knob-like structures, but in some cases, they appeared to be bi-or trifurcate. The tegument at the base of each ventral papilla showed minute spiny pattern, but it was smooth or folded on top and had small rosette and ciliated papillae. Tegument at the edges of the worm was smooth in the mid-parts, spiny on lateral parts, and included rosette papillae. The dorsal surface of the worm was smooth and slightly convex, and the tegument was provided with two large domed papillae in one third of the anterior end of the dorsal part, few thick spines in the mid-part, and excretory pore at the level just posterior to the end. No spines or papillae were seen around the excretory pore.

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“… Sources: (1) Gilford (1954), (2) Ball (1952), (3) Beckett & Gallicchio (1967), (4) Senger & Neiland (1955), (5) McKenzie & Welch (1979), (6) MacKinnon & Burt (1978), (7) Rigby & Threlfall (1981), (8) Abram (1969), (9) Jordan & Hayes (1959), (10) Bafundo et al. (1980), (11) Harkema & Miller (1964), (12) Hoberg & McGee (1982), (13) Smith et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The decay of similarity with geographical distance in parasite communities of vertebrate hosts

Poulin¹

2003

Journal of Biogeography

195

236

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Aim The rate at which similarity in species composition decays with increasing distance was investigated among communities of parasitic helminths in different populations of the same host species. Rates of distance decay in similarity of parasite communities were compared between populations of fish and mammal hosts, which differ with respect to their vagility and potential to disperse parasite species over large distances.Location Data on helminth communities were compiled for several populations of three mammalian host species (Ondatra zibethicus, Procyon lotor and Canis latrans) and three fish host species (Perca flavescens, Catostomus commersoni and Esox lucius) from continental North America.Methods Distances between localities and similarity in the composition of helminth communities, the latter computed using the Jaccard index, were calculated for all possible pairs of host populations within each host species. Similarity values were then regressed against distance to see if they decayed at exponential rates, as reported for plant communities; the significance of the regressions was assessed using randomization tests. ResultsThe number of hosts examined per population did not correlate with the number of helminth species found per population, and thus sampling effort is unlikely to have confounded the results. In four (two mammals and two fish) of the six host species, similarity in helminth communities decayed exponentially with distance. When the log of similarity is plotted against untransformed distance, the slopes obtained for the two fish species are lower than those obtained for the two mammalian host species.Main conclusions Similarity in the composition of parasite communities appears to decay exponentially with increasing distance in some host species, but not in all host species. The rate of decay is not necessarily associated with the vagility of the host. Although distance decay of similarity is generally occurring, it seems that other ecological processes, related either to the host or its habitat, can obscure it.

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A Survey of Helminths of the Muskrat, Ondatra z. zibethica Miller, 1912, in Portage County, Ohio

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Ecological versus phylogenetic determinants of helminth parasite community richness

Ecological versus phylogenetic determinants of helminth parasite community richness

Tegumental ultrastructure of adult Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis (Trematoda: Notocotylidae): an intestinal parasite of muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

The decay of similarity with geographical distance in parasite communities of vertebrate hosts

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