A survey of ochratoxin A contamination in feeds and sera from organic and standard swine farms in northwest Italy

Pozzo, Luisa; Cavallarin, Laura; Nucera, Daniele; Antoniazzi, Sara; Schiavone, Achille

doi:10.1002/jsfa.3965

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Serum levels of OTA found in horses were similar to those found by other authors in swine (mean levels of 250–640 pg/mL) [19,20] but higher than those observed in chickens (mean levels of 13 pg/mL) [21]. Differences in OTA serum levels between animal species may well be related to the different half-lives of the toxin, which are strictly dependent on the affinity of its binding to serum proteins (retarding elimination and renal filtration) and to entero-hepatic circulation and biliary excretion, which might be responsible for toxin accumulation and prolonged elimination from the body [1,16,22].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

First Evidence of Placental Transfer of Ochratoxin A in Horses

Minervini

Giannoccaro

Nicassio

et al. 2013

Toxins

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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a renal mycotoxin and transplacental genotoxic carcinogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural occurrence of OTA in equine blood samples and its placental transfer. For the assessment of OTA levels, serum samples were collected from 12 stallions, 7 cycling mares and 17 pregnant mares. OTA was found in 83% of serum samples (median value = 121.4 pg/mL). For the assessment of placental transfer, serum samples were collected from the 17 mares after delivery and from the umbilical cords of their foals, after foaling. Fourteen serum samples from pregnant mares contained OTA (median value = 106.5 pg/mL), but only 50% of their foals were exposed (median values = 96.6 pg/mL). HPLC analysis carried out on four serum samples (collected from two mares and their respective foals) supported the ELISA results on OTA placental transfer. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of OTA in horse serum samples and placental transfer in horses.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

First Evidence of Placental Transfer of Ochratoxin A in Horses

Minervini

Giannoccaro

Nicassio

et al. 2013

Toxins

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“…Ochratoxin A extraction from serum and from kidney and liver samples was carried out according to the methods developed by Pozzo et al. () and Vettorazzi et al. (), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding a diet contaminated with ochratoxin A for broiler chickens at the maximum level recommended by the EU for poultry feeds (0.1 mg/kg). 2. Effects on meat quality, oxidative stress, residues and histological traits

Pozzo

Cavallarin

Antoniazzi

et al. 2013

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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SummaryThe European Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC indicates that the maximum tolerable level of ochratoxin A (OTA) in poultry feeds is 0.1 mg OTA/kg. Thirty-six 1-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into two groups, a control (basal diet) and an OTA (basal diet + 0.1 mg OTA/kg) group. The OTA concentration was quantified in serum, liver, kidney, breast and thigh samples. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content were evaluated in the liver, kidney, breast and thigh samples. The glutathione (GSH) content, and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in the liver and kidney samples. Histopathological traits were evaluated for the spleen, bursa of Fabricius and liver samples. Moreover, the chemical composition of the meat was analysed in breast and thigh samples. In the OTA diet-fed animals, a serum OTA concentration of 1.15 AE 0.35 ng/ml was found, and OTA was also detected in kidney and liver at 3.58 AE 0.85 ng OTA/g f.w. and 1.92 AE 0.21 ng OTA/g f.w., respectively. The TBARS content was higher in the kidney of the ochratoxin A group (1.53 AE 0.18 nmol/mg protein vs. 0.91 AE 0.25 nmol/mg protein). Feeding OTA at 0.1 mg OTA/kg also resulted in degenerative lesions in the spleen, bursa of Fabricius and liver. The maximum tolerable level of 0.1 mg OTA/kg, established for poultry feeds by the EU, represents a safe limit for the final consumer, because no OTA residues were found in breast and thigh meat. Even though no clinical signs were noticed in the birds fed the OTA-contaminated diet, moderate histological lesions were observed in the liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius.

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“…), and other animal‐derived swine products (Pozzo et al . ). In aquaculture species, the fact that OTA may cause severe degeneration and necrosis of kidney and liver leading to inferior weight gains, poorer feed conversion rate, lower survival and haematocrit (Doster et al .…”

Section: Mycotoxins In Aquafeedmentioning

confidence: 97%

Occurrence of mycotoxins in commercial aquafeeds in Asia and Europe: a real risk to aquaculture?

Gonçalves¹,

Naehrer²,

Santos³

2016

Reviews in Aquaculture

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There is increasing awareness of the negative effects of mycotoxins in aquatic species, which is highlighted in recent publications. Partly due to climate change associated with an overall increase of mycotoxins contamination in plant ingredients, and also due to the tendency to replace expensive animal‐derived proteins, such as fish meal, by more economical plant proteins sources, which increases the probability of mycotoxin contamination in aquaculture feeds (Hooft et al. ). Over a 1‐year period, 41 samples of finished aquaculture feed, both shrimp and fish, were analysed within the scope of BIOMIN mycotoxin survey programme. The samples were tested for aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins and ochratoxin A. Samples were sourced in Asia (31 samples) and Europe (10 samples) from fish/shrimp farms or feed producers. The values detected pose a risk for several important aquaculture species, assuming single mycotoxin contamination, that is excluding possible additive and synergetic effects between mycotoxins. Co‐occurrence of mycotoxins in feeds may induce synergistic effects and increase the negative impact of mycotoxins in aquatic‐farmed species at lower levels than when present in single contamination. This review gives an overview of the different mycotoxins and revises the effects of mycotoxins in aquatic species. Additionally, it reports the levels of mycotoxins in aquafeeds in 2014 and compares detected levels with possible negative effects in fish and shrimp. As it is highlighted by the results of the survey, the risk of co‐occurrence is high and the knowledge on the effects of multimycotoxins contamination in aquatic species is basically none.

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A survey of ochratoxin A contamination in feeds and sera from organic and standard swine farms in northwest Italy

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

First Evidence of Placental Transfer of Ochratoxin A in Horses

First Evidence of Placental Transfer of Ochratoxin A in Horses

Feeding a diet contaminated with ochratoxin A for broiler chickens at the maximum level recommended by the EU for poultry feeds (0.1 mg/kg). 2. Effects on meat quality, oxidative stress, residues and histological traits

Occurrence of mycotoxins in commercial aquafeeds in Asia and Europe: a real risk to aquaculture?

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