“…It has been proposed that liposomal bupivacaine can improve the duration of effectiveness for PAI and thus may provide sufficient analgesia while also reducing the amount of opioid medications delivered for effective pain control. The current study occurred in settings that already had established total joint pathways in place, including preoperative education [70], patient-focused care initiatives [3,17,19,36,43,45,60,67,87], multimodal analgesia regimens [9,10,16,20,24,26,35,38,53,72,76,78,80,83], and postoperative rehabilitation pathways [16,51,77] to focus the results on the three randomized treatment groups described. We found that the primary outcome measure of pain control was better at 6 and 12 hours postoperatively in the liposomal bupivacaine PAI and spinal morphine groups compared with the ropivacaine PAI group.…”