A Survey of Smart Parking Solutions

Lin, Trista; Rivano, Hervé; Mouël, Frédéric Le

doi:10.1109/tits.2017.2685143

Cited by 430 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…This section reviews the study related to automatic parking management that tries to establish empty/occupied parking lots. The availability of car parking prediction is a demanding matter being studied for smart cities [1]. And generally these days when different car parking systems have sensing infrastructure linked to cloud-based system, the services of car parking let the drivers systemize the transports arrival and the departure.…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finding unoccupied parking spaces is a general problem in most of the cities, particularly in popular and well-trapped places such as shopping centers, sports venues and other tourist attractions [1]. This condition has to turn out to be more severe, chiefly in peak hours, whether it is the holiday season, the sale of carnival or some other fiesta.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Optimized Vehicle Parking Mechanism Using Artificial Neural Network

Singh¹,

Singhal²

2019

IJCET

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Our country has developed rapidly for decades with lot of commercial buildings and well contacted roads with a growing number of automobiles. The transportation industry has become the backbone of economy because of its widespread use in trade and commerce. Therefore, parking the vehicles has become a consideration. For parking the vehicles in a parking space, old parking system is still used which is maintained in an unplanned mode and without any discipline. Because of this, people usually park their cars wherever they want, which can be a mess because most people don't follow any discipline. There should be some mechanism to park the vehicles appropriately; therefore, this research has introduced an optimized vehicle parking mechanism with the concept of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) which helps to get rid of the chaos usually faced.

show abstract

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimized Vehicle Parking Mechanism Using Artificial Neural Network

Singh¹,

Singhal²

2019

IJCET

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show abstract

“…Improving the parking situation using sensor data has been subject of research, especially since around 2000. In a 2017 survey 7,8 , Lin compiles an overview of the advances in smart parking by splitting the results into three categories: information collection, system deployment, and service dissemination. We follow their categorization below.…”

Section: Smart Parking Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where sim(C k with , C j wout ) < sim(C i with , C j wout ), k ∈ {0, .., i − 1} for emd (7) sim(C k with , C j wout ) > sim(C i with , C j wout ), k ∈ {0, .., i − 1} for cosine (8) ∀i ∈ {0, ..., |C with | − 1} and ∀j ∈ {0, ..., |C wout | − 1} .…”

Section: Computing Parking Occupancy Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferring Knowledge from Monitored to Unmonitored Areas for Forecasting Parking Spaces

Ionita

Pomp

Cochez

et al. 2019

Int. J. Artif. Intell. Tools

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Smart cities around the world have begun monitoring parking areas in order to estimate available parking spots and help drivers looking for parking. The current results are promising, indeed. However, existing approaches are limited by the high cost of sensors that need to be installed throughout the city in order to achieve an accurate estimation. This work investigates the extension of estimating parking information from areas equipped with sensors to areas where they are missing. To this end, the similarity between city neighborhoods is determined based on background data, i.e., from geographic information systems. Using the derived similarity values, we analyze the adaptation of occupancy rates from monitored-to unmonitored parking areas.

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“…To detect whether a car is leaving or entering the parking spot, cameras are utilized in most of the existing solutions [5]. The works in [6,7] state that the parking events are detected by installing sensors under parking spaces, tethering sensors with vehicles, or using sophisticated cameras in the existing parking systems. To cover a large parking area, it requires many cameras or sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone-Based Context Flow Recognition for Outdoor Parking System with Machine Learning Approaches

et al. 2019

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Outdoor parking systems are one of the most crucial needs in a smart city to find vacant parking spaces in outdoor environments, such as roadsides, university campuses, and so on. In a typical outdoor parking system, the detection of a vehicle entering and leaving the parking zone is a major step. At present, there are numerous external sensor-based and camera-based parking systems available to detect the entrance and leaving of vehicles. Camera-based parking systems rely on sophisticated camera set-ups, while sensor-based parking systems require the installation of sensors at the parking spots or vehicles' sides. Due to such complication, the deployment and maintenance costs of the existing parking systems are very high. Furthermore, the need for additional hardware and network capacity increases the cost and complexity, which makes it difficult to use for large deployment. This paper proposes an approach for outdoor parking utilizing only smartphone integrated sensors that do not require manpower support nor additional sensor installation. The proposed algorithm first receives sensor signals from the driver's phone, performs pre-processing to recognize the context of drivers, which is followed by context flow recognition. The final result is obtained from context flow recognition which provides the output of whether the driver is parking or unparking. The proposed approach is validated with a set of comprehensive experiments. The performance of the proposed method is favorable as it uses only the smartphone's internal sensors to recognize whether the cars are entering or leaving the parking area.

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A Survey of Smart Parking Solutions

Cited by 430 publications

References 147 publications

An Optimized Vehicle Parking Mechanism Using Artificial Neural Network

An Optimized Vehicle Parking Mechanism Using Artificial Neural Network

Transferring Knowledge from Monitored to Unmonitored Areas for Forecasting Parking Spaces

Smartphone-Based Context Flow Recognition for Outdoor Parking System with Machine Learning Approaches

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