A survey of the natural occurrence of<i>Fusarium</i>mycotoxins in cereals grown in New Zealand in 1986–1989

Lauren, D. R.; Agnew, Michael; Smith, Wendy A.; Sayer, S. T.

doi:10.1080/02652039109374013

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is notorious that countries with hot climate have not been presented problems concerned to contamination by ZEA with maize. However, countries with cold and temperate climates have presented high levels and high percentages of contamination by this toxin in maize (13,19,25,28,32,39).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in maize-based food products

Sekiyama

Ribeiro

Machinski

et al. 2005

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The occurrence of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2 ), G1 (AFG1 ) and G2 (AFG2 ), ochratoxin A (OA) and zearalenone (ZEA) was evaluated in 121 maize-based food samples collected in the commerce of Maringá City, Paraná State, Brazil. The study was carried out between January 2002 and February 2003. Thin-layer chromatographic method was used to determine the mycotoxins. The recovery averages were 106.6%, 109.4%, 106.6%, 109.4%, 101.8% and 101.7% to AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , AFG 2 , OA and ZEA, respectively. Three samples (2.5%) were positive to AFB1 (8 to 59 μg/kg), two (1.7%) to AFB2 (2.4 μg/kg), one (0.8%) to OA (64 μg/kg) and one (0.8%) to ZEA (448 μg/kg). The greater frequency of positive samples and also the highest concentration of AFB1 were found in popcorn samples (8.3%, 59 μg/kg). The data showed a low frequency of mycotoxins in products based on maize traded in Maringá, but the Probable Average Daily Intake (PDI) of AFB1 in them was high. Therefore, it is necessary to accomplish an active vigilance of these mycotoxins in such food products in order to provide safety to Brazilian people health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in maize-based food products

Sekiyama

Ribeiro

Machinski

et al. 2005

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…DAS, HT2 and T2 were included due to their high toxicity and also their natural occurrence in foods and feeds (IARC, 1993;Ueno, 1983). Despite the fact that corn is one of the substrates susceptible of this type of contamination (Abbas et al, 1986;Chulze et al, 1989;Kim et al, 1993;Lauren et al, 1991;Luo et al, 1992;Okoye, 1993;Omurtag & Yazicioglu, 2001;Park et al, 1996;Scott, 1997 et al, 1988) and Brazil ranking third in world production of corn, there is little information on the occurrence of trichothecenes in Brazilian corn and its products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The differing toxicities of the members of this group of toxins, as well their structural similarities, also require that the identity of each toxin be confirmed by a system capable of a great degree of reliability such as mass spectrometry. DON and NIV were chosen for this investigation due to their worldwide occurrence (Abbas, Mirocha, & Tuite, 1986;Lauren, Agnew, Smith, & Sayers, 1991;Oliveira, Soares, & Sawazaki, 2001;Park, Smalley, & Chu, 1996;Prado, Oliveira, Ferreira, Corrêa, & Affonso, 1997;Tanaka et al, 1988;Yamashita et al, 1995). DAS, HT2 and T2 were included due to their high toxicity and also their natural occurrence in foods and feeds (IARC, 1993;Ueno, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of trichothecene mycotoxins in Brazilian corn-based food products

2006

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“…1,2,4,7 Trichothecenes occur in cereals worldwide 6 and contamination in corn is frequently reported. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] There is little information about corn cultivated in Brazil. Prado et al 16 found DON in about 6% of post-harvested corn samples with levels ranging from 102 to 542 ng g -1 in contaminated samples and 104 ng g -1 T2 in one sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography: mass spectrometry determination of trichothecene mycotoxins in commercial corn harvested in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Milanez¹,

Valente-Soares²

2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Investigou-se a incidência de desoxinivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIN), diacetoxiscirpenol (DAS) e toxinas T-2 (T2) e HT-2 (HT2) em 80 amostras de milho do estado de São Paulo/ Brasil, coletadas nos silos de duas cooperativas deste estado. As amostras foram extraídas com água/ acetonitrila e purificadas com colunas Mycosep. Após derivatização com anidrido trifluoroacético as amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas. Os limites de detecção ficaram entre 10 ng g -1 e 40 ng g -1. NIV foi encontrada em 5 amostras e DON e NIV ocorreram simultaneamente numa das amostras. DAS, T2 e HT2 não foram detectadas. Este é o primeiro relato que mostra a prevalência de NIV sobre DON em milho do Brasil.The incidence of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and toxins T-2 (T2) and HT-2 (HT2) in 80 samples of commercial corn harvested in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. They were collected in the silos of the two largest corn farmer's cooperatives of this state. The samples were extracted with water/acetonitrile and cleaned-up with MycoSep columns. After trifluoroacetic anhydride derivatization the samples were submitted to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Detection limits ranged from 10 ng g -1 to 40 ng g -1 . NIV was present in 5 samples and DON and NIV occurred simultaneously in one sample. DAS, T2 and HT2 were not detected. This is the first report that shows the prevalence of NIV over DON in corn harvested in Brazil. Keywords: corn, GC-MS, trichothecenes, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol IntroductionTrichothecenes constitute a group of toxic substances produced mainly by Fusarium among several different fungal genera.1 These compounds have in common the presence of the system 12, 13 -epoxy-trichotec-9-en in their structures.2,3 Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and the toxins T2 (T2) and HT2 (HT2), deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) are among the trichothecenes with greater natural occurrence in food and feed. [4][5][6] The ingestion of feed contaminated with trichothecenes has been shown to be toxic and to cause feed refusal, emesis, diarrhea, anorexia, hematological and immunological alterations and even death. Similar symptoms have been observed in humans exposed to trichothecenes. 1,2,4,7 Trichothecenes occur in cereals worldwide 6 and contamination in corn is frequently reported. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] There is little information about corn cultivated in Brazil. Prado et al. 16 found DON in about 6% of post-harvested corn samples with levels ranging from 102 to 542 ng g -1 in contaminated samples and 104 ng g -1 T2 in one sample. Oliveira et al. 17reported the presence of DON in 6% of samples of popcorn in levels ranging from 30 to 770 ng g -1 . Several methods are used to determine trichothecenes, such as thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and immunoassays. 7,18,19 More recently some methods have been developed using the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for identification and determination of trichothecenes type...

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A survey of the natural occurrence ofFusariummycotoxins in cereals grown in New Zealand in 1986–1989

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in maize-based food products

Aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in maize-based food products

Occurrence of trichothecene mycotoxins in Brazilian corn-based food products

Gas chromatography: mass spectrometry determination of trichothecene mycotoxins in commercial corn harvested in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

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